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sendmail, 3rd Edition
By Bryan Costales

Publisher	: O'Reilly
Pub Date	: December 2002
ISBN	: 1-56592-839-3
Pages	: 1232

Copyright

Dedication

Preface

Changes Since the Previous Edition

Why This Book Is Necessary

History

Eric Allman Speaks

Organization

Audience and Assumptions

Unix and sendmail Versions

Conventions Used in This Handbook

Additional Sources of Information

Other Books, Other Problems

How to Contact Us

Acknowledgments

Chapter 1. Some Basics

Section 1.1. Email Basics

Section 1.2. Requests for Comments (RFCs)

Section 1.3. Email and sendmail

Section 1.4. Basic Parts of sendmail

Section 1.5. Basic Parts of a Mail Message

Section 1.6. Basic Roles of sendmail

Section 1.7. Basic Modes of sendmail

Section 1.8. The sendmail.cf File

Part I: Build and Install

Chapter 2. Build and Install sendmail

Section 2.1. Vendor Versus Compiling

Section 2.2. Obtain the Source

Section 2.3. The Build Script

Section 2.4. Building with m4

Section 2.5. Build sendmail

Section 2.6. Install sendmail

Section 2.7. Pitfalls

Section 2.8. Build m4 Macro Reference

APPENDDEF( )

confBEFORE

confBLDVARIANT

confBUILDBIN

confCC

confCCOPTS

confCCOPTS_SO

confCOPY

confDEPEND_TYPE

confDEPLIBS

confDONT_INSTALL_CATMAN

confEBINDIR

confENVDEF and conf_prog_ENVDEF

confFORCE_RMAIL

confGBIN...

confHFDIR

confHFFILE

confINCDIRS

confINC...

confINSTALL

confINSTALL_RAWMAN

confLD

confLDOPTS

confLDOPTS_SO

confLIB...

confLIBDIRS

confLIBS and conf_prog_LIBS

confLIBSEARCH

confLIBSEARCHPATH

confLN

confLNOPTS

confLINKS

confMAN...

confMAPDEF

confMBIN...

confMSPQOWN

confMSP_QUEUE_DIR

confMTCCOPTS

confMTLDOPTS

confNO_HELPFILE_INSTALL

confNO_MAN_BUILD

confNO_MAN_INSTALL

confNO_STATISTICS_INSTALL

confOBJADD

confOPTIMIZE

confRANLIB

confRANLIBOPTS

confREQUIRE_LIBSM

confSBINDIR

confSBINGRP

confSBINMODE

confSBINOWN

confSHAREDLIB...

confSHELL

confSM_OS_HEADER

confSMOBJADD

confSMSRCADD

confSONAME

conf_prog_OBJADD

conf_prog_SRCADD

confSRCDIR

confSTDIOTYPE

confSTDIR

confSTFILE

confSTRIP

confSTRIPOPTS

confUBINDIR

confUBINGRP

confUBINMODE

confUBINOWN

PREPENDDEF( )

Chapter 3. Tune sendmail with Compile-Time Macros

Section 3.1. Before You Begin, a Checklist

Section 3.2. To Port, Tune, or Debug

Section 3.3. Pitfalls

Section 3.4. Compile-Time Macro Reference

AUTO_NIS_ALIASES

BSD4_3

BSD4_4

DATA_PROGRESS_TIMEOUT

DNSMAP

DSN

EGD

ERRLIST_PREDEFINED

FAST_PID_RECYCLE

_FFR...

FORK

HAS...

HESIOD

HES_GETMAILHOST

IDENTPROTO

IP_SRCROUTE

...IS_BROKEN

LA_TYPE

LDAPMAP

LOG

MATCHGECOS

MAX...

MEMCHUNKSIZE

MILTER

MIME7TO8

MIME8TO7

NAMED_BIND

MAP_NSD

MAP_REGEX

NDBM

NEED...

NET...

NETINFO

NEWDB

NIS

NISPLUS

NOFTRUNCATE

NO_GROUP_SET

NOTUNIX

_PATH...

PH_MAP

PICKY_HELO_CHECK

PIPELINING

PSBUFSIZ

QUEUE

QUEUESEGSIZE

REQUIRES_DIR_FSYNC

SASL

SCANF

SECUREWARE

SFS_TYPE

SHARE_V1

SM_...

SM_HEAP_CHECK

SM_CONF_SHM

SMTP

SMTPDEBUG

SMTPLINELIM

SPT_TYPE

STARTTLS

SUID_ROOT_FILES_OK

SYSLOG_BUFSIZE

SYSTEM5

TCPWRAPPERS

TLS_NO_RSA

TOBUFSIZE

TTYNAME

...T

UDB_DEFAULT_SPEC

USE_DOUBLE_FORK

USE_ENVIRON

USING_NETSCAPE_LDAP

USERDB

USESETEUID

WILDCARD_SHELL

XDEBUG

Chapter 4. Configure sendmail.cf with m4

Section 4.1. The m4 Preprocessor

Section 4.2. Configure with m4

Section 4.3. m4 Macros by Function

Section 4.4. Masquerading

Section 4.5. Relays

Section 4.6. UUCP Support

Section 4.7. Pitfalls

Section 4.8. Configuration File Feature Reference

FEATURE(accept_unqualified_senders)

FEATURE(accept_unresolvable_domains)

FEATURE(access_db)

FEATURE(allmasquerade)

FEATURE(always_add_domain)

FEATURE(authinfo)

FEATURE(bestmx_is_local)

FEATURE(bitdomain)

FEATURE(blacklist_recipients)

FEATURE(compat_check)

FEATURE(delay_checks)

FEATURE(dnsbl)

FEATURE(domaintable)

FEATURE(enhdnsbl)

FEATURE(generics_entire_domain)

FEATURE(genericstable)

FEATURE(ldap_routing)

FEATURE(limited_masquerade)

FEATURE(local_lmtp)

FEATURE(local_no_masquerade)

FEATURE(local_procmail)

FEATURE(lookupdotdomain)

FEATURE(loose_relay_check)

FEATURE(mailertable)

FEATURE(masquerade_entire_domain)

FEATURE(masquerade_envelope)

FEATURE(msp)

FEATURE(nocanonify)

FEATURE(nodns)

FEATURE(no_default_msa)

FEATURE(notsticky)

FEATURE(nouucp)

FEATURE(nullclient)

FEATURE(promiscuous_relay)

FEATURE(preserve_local_plus_detail)

FEATURE(preserve_luser_host)

FEATURE(queuegroup)

FEATURE(rbl)

FEATURE(redirect)

FEATURE(relay_based_on_MX)

FEATURE(relay_entire_domain)

FEATURE(relay_hosts_only)

FEATURE(relay_local_from)

FEATURE(relay_mail_from)

FEATURE(smrsh)

FEATURE(stickyhost)

FEATURE(use_ct_file)

FEATURE(use_cw_file)

FEATURE(uucpdomain)

FEATURE(virtuser_entire_domain)

FEATURE(virtusertable)

Chapter 5. Build and Use Companion Programs

Section 5.1. The Build Script

-A

-c

-E

-f

-I

-L

-M

-m

-n

-O

-Q

-S

-v

Section 5.2. The editmap Program

-C

-f

-N

-q

-u

-x

Section 5.3. The mail.local Delivery Agent

-7

-b

-d

-D

-f

-h

-l (lowercase L)

-r

Section 5.4. The mailstats Program

-c

-C

-f

-o

-p

-P

Section 5.5. The makemap Program

-c

-C

-d

-e

-f

-l (lowercase L)

-N

-o

-r

-s

-t

-u

-v

Section 5.6. The praliases Program

-C

-f

Section 5.7. The rmail Delivery Agent

Section 5.8. The smrsh Program

Section 5.9. The vacation Program

-a

-C

-d

-f

-i or -I

-l (lowercase L)

-m

-r

-s

-t

-U

-x

-z

Section 5.10. Pitfalls

Part II: Administration

Chapter 6. Tune Performance

Section 6.1. Handle Deep Queues

Section 6.2. Sidestep Slow Hosts

Section 6.3. Deliver to Files

Section 6.4. Buffered File I/O

Section 6.5. Use Multiple Queues

Section 6.6. Condition the Network

Section 6.7. Tune the Kernel

Section 6.8. Pitfalls

Chapter 7. How to Handle spam

Section 7.1. The Local_check_ Rule Sets

Section 7.2. How DNSBL Works

Section 7.3. Check Headers with Rule Sets

Section 7.4. Relaying

Section 7.5. The access Database

Section 7.6. The Milter Library

Section 7.7. Pitfalls

Chapter 8. Test Rule Sets with -bt

Section 8.1. Overview

Section 8.2. Configuration Lines

Section 8.3. Dump a sendmail Macro or Class

Section 8.4. Show an Item

Section 8.5. Complex Actions Made Simple

Section 8.6. Process-Specified Addresses

Section 8.7. Add Debugging for Detail

Section 8.8. Batch Rule-Set Testing

Section 8.9. Pitfalls

Chapter 9. DNS and sendmail

Section 9.1. Overview

Section 9.2. How sendmail Uses DNS

Section 9.3. Set Up MX Records

Section 9.4. How to Use nslookup

Section 9.5. Prepare for Disaster

Section 9.6. Pitfalls

Chapter 10. Maintain Security with sendmail

Section 10.1. Why root?

Section 10.2. The Environment

Section 10.3. SMTP Probes

Section 10.4. The Configuration File

Section 10.5. Permissions

Section 10.6. The Aliases File

Section 10.7. Forged Mail

Section 10.8. Security Features

Section 10.9. Support SMTP AUTH

Section 10.10. STARTTLS

Section 10.11. Other Security Information

Section 10.12. Pitfalls

Chapter 11. Manage the Queue

Section 11.1. Overview of the Queue

Section 11.2. Parts of a Queued Message

Section 11.3. Using Multiple Queue Directories

Section 11.4. Queue Groups (V8.12 and Above)

Section 11.5. Bogus qf Files

Section 11.6. Printing the Queue

Section 11.7. How the Queue Is Processed

Section 11.8. Cause Queues to Be Processed

Section 11.9. Process Alternate Queues

Section 11.10. Pitfalls

Section 11.11. The qf File Internals

A line

B line

C line

d line

D line

E line

F line

H line

I line

K line

M line

N line

P line

Q line

r line

R line

S line

T line

V line

Z line

! line

$ line

. line

Chapter 12. Maintain Aliases

Section 12.1. The aliases(5) File

Section 12.2. Forms of Alias Delivery

Section 12.3. Write a Delivery Agent Script

Section 12.4. Special Aliases

Section 12.5. The Aliases Database

Section 12.6. Prevent Aliasing with -n

Section 12.7. Pitfalls

Chapter 13. Mailing Lists and ~/.forward

Section 13.1. Internal Mailing Lists

Section 13.2. :include: Mailing Lists

Section 13.3. Defining a Mailing List Owner

Section 13.4. Exploder Mailing Lists

Section 13.5. Problems with Mailing Lists

Section 13.6. Packages That Help

Section 13.7. The User's ~/.forward File

Section 13.8. Pitfalls

Chapter 14. Signals, Transactions, and Syslog

Section 14.1. Signal the Daemon

SIGTERM

SIGINT

SIGKILL

SIGHUP

SIGUSR1

Section 14.2. Log Transactions with -X

Section 14.3. Log with syslog

Section 14.4. Pitfalls

Section 14.5. Alphabetized syslog Equates

arg1=

bodytype=

class=

ctladdr=

daemon=

delay=

dsn=

from=

intvl=

len=

mailer=

msgid=

nrcpts=

ntries=

pri=

proto=

reject=

relay=

ruleset=

size=

stat=

to=

xdelay=

Chapter 15. The sendmail Command Line

Section 15.1. Alternative argv[0] Names

Section 15.2. Command-Line Switches

Section 15.3. List of Recipient Addresses

Section 15.4. Processing the Command Line

Section 15.5. sendmail's exit( ) Status

EX_CANTCREAT

EX_CONFIG

EX_IOERR

EX_OK

EX_OSERR

EX_OSFILE

EX_SOFTWARE

EX_TEMPFAIL

EX_UNAVAILABLE

EX_USAGE

Section 15.6. Pitfalls

Section 15.7. Alphabetized Command-Line Switches

-A

-B

-b

-ba

-bD

-bd

-bH

-bh

-bi

-bm

-bP

-bp

-bs

-bt

-bv

-bz

-C

-c

-d

-E

-e

-F

-f

-G

-h

-I

-i

-J

-L

-M

-m

-N

-n

-O

-o

-p

-q

-R

-r

-s

-T

-t

-U

-V

-v

-X

-x

Chapter 16. Debug sendmail with -d

Section 16.1. The Syntax of -d

Section 16.2. The Behavior of -d

Section 16.3. Interpret the Output

Section 16.4. Table of All -d Categories

Section 16.5. Pitfalls

Section 16.6. Reference for -d in Numerical Order

-d0.1

-d0.4

-d0.10

-d0.12

-d0.13

-d0.15

-d0.20

-d2.1

-d2.9

-d4.80

-d6.1

-d8.1

-d8.2

-d8.3

-d8.5

-d8.7

-d8.8

-d11.1

-d11.2

-d12.1

-d13.1

-d20.1

-d21.1

-d21.2

-d22.1

-d22.11

-d22.12

-d25.1

-d26.1

-d27.1

-d27.2

-d27.3

-d27.4

-d27.5

-d27.8

-d27.9

-d28.1

-d29.1

-d29.4

-d31.2

-d34.1

-d34.11

-d35.9

-d37.1

-d37.8

-d38.2

-d38.3

-d38.4

-d38.9

-d38.10

-d38.12

-d38.19

-d38.20

-d41.1

-d44.4

-d44.5

-d48.2

-d49.1

-d52.1

-d52.100

-d60.1

-d99.100

Part III: The Configuration File

Chapter 17. Configuration File Overview

Section 17.1. Overall Syntax

Section 17.2. Comments

Section 17.3. V8 Comments

Section 17.4. Continuation Lines

Section 17.5. The V Configuration Command

Section 17.6. Pitfalls

Chapter 18. The R (Rules) Configuration Command

Section 18.1. Why Rules?

Section 18.2. The R Configuration Command

Section 18.3. Tokenizing Rules

Section 18.4. The Workspace

Section 18.5. The Behavior of a Rule

Section 18.6. The LHS

Section 18.7. The RHS

Section 18.8. Pitfalls

Section 18.9. Rule Operator Reference

$&

$@

$@

$@

$@

$@

$:

$:

$:

$:

$digit

$=

$>

$[ $]

$( $)

$-

$+

$#

$#

$#

$*

$~

$|

Chapter 19. The S (Rule Sets) Configuration Command

Section 19.1. The S Configuration Command

Section 19.2. The Sequence of Rule Sets

Section 19.3. The canonify Rule Set 3

Section 19.4. The final Rule Set 4

Section 19.5. The parse Rule Set 0

Section 19.6. The localaddr Rule Set 5

Section 19.7. Rule Sets 1 and 2

Section 19.8. Pitfalls

Section 19.9. Policy Rule-Set Reference

check_data

check_etrn

check_vrfy and check_expn

srv_features

Chapter 20. The M (Mail Delivery Agent) Configuration Command

Section 20.1. The M Configuration Command

Section 20.2. The Symbolic Delivery Agent Name

Section 20.3. The mc Configuration Syntax

Section 20.4. Delivery Agents by Name

cyrus

cyrusv2

discard

error

fax

*file* and *include*

local and prog

mail11

ph

pop

procmail

qpage

smtp, etc.

usenet

uucp

Section 20.5. Delivery Agent Equates

/= (forward slash)

A=

C=

D=

E=

F=

L=

M=

m=

N=

P=

Q=

R=

r=

S=

T=

U=

W=

Section 20.6. How a Delivery Agent Is Executed

Section 20.7. Pitfalls

Section 20.8. Delivery Agent F= Flags

F=%

F=0 (zero)

F=1 (one)

F=2

F=3

F=5

F=6

F=7

F=8

F=9

F=: (colon)

F=| (vertical bar)

F=/ (forward slash)

F=@

F=a

F=A

F=b

F=c

F=C

F=d

F=D

F=e

F=E

F=f

F=F

F=g

F=h

F=i

F=I (uppercase i)

F=j

F=k

F=l (lowercase L)

F=L

F=m

F=M

F=n

F=o

F=p

F=P

F=q

F=r

F=R

F=s

F=S

F=u

F=U

F=w

F=x

F=X

F=z

F=Z

Chapter 21. The D (Define a Macro) Configuration Command

Section 21.1. Preassigned sendmail Macros

Section 21.2. Command-Line Definitions

Section 21.3. Configuration-File Definitions

Section 21.4. Macro Names

Section 21.5. Macro Expansion: $ and $&

Section 21.6. Macro Conditionals: $?, $|, and $.

Section 21.7. Macros with mc Configuration

Section 21.8. Pitfalls

Section 21.9. Alphabetized sendmail Macros

$_

$a

${addr_type}

${alg_bits}

${auth_authen}

${auth_author}

${auth_ssf}

${auth_type}

$b

${bodytype}

$B

$c

${cert_issuer}

${cert_md5}

${cert_subject}

${cipher}

${cipher_bits}

${client_addr}

${client_flags}

${client_name}

${client_port}

${client_resolve}

${cn_issuer}

${cn_subject}

${currHeader}

$C

$d

${daemon_addr}

${daemon_family}

${daemon_flags}

${daemon_info}

${daemon_name}

${daemon_port}

${deliveryMode}

${dsn_envid}

${dsn_notify}

${dsn_ret}

$D

$e

${envid}

$E

$f

$F

$g

$h

${hdr_name}

${hdrlen}

$H

$i

${if_addr}

${if_addr_out}

${if_family}

${if_family_out}

${if_name}

${if_name_out}

$j

$k

$l (lowercase L)

${load_avg}

$L

$m

${mail_addr}

${mail_host}

${mail_mailer}

${msg_size}

$M

${MTAHost}

$n

${nrcpts}

${ntries}

$o

${opMode}

$p

$q

${queue_interval}

$r

${rcpt_addr}

${rcpt_host}

${rcpt_mailer}

$R

$s

${sendmailMTACluster}

${server_addr}

${server_name}

$S

$t

${tls_version}

$u

$U

$v

${verify}

$V

$w

$W

$x

$X

$y

$Y

$z

$Z

Chapter 22. The C and F (Class Macro) Configuration Commands

Section 22.1. Class Configuration Commands

Section 22.2. Access Classes in Rules

Section 22.3. Classes with mc Configuration

Section 22.4. Internal Class Macros

Section 22.5. Pitfalls

Section 22.6. Alphabetized Class Macros

$=b

$={checkMIMEFieldHeaders}

$={checkMIMEHeaders}

$={checkMIMETextHeaders}

$=e

$=k

$=m

$=n

$={persistentMacros}

$=q

$={ResOk}

$=R

$={tls}

$=s

$=t

$=w

Chapter 23. The K (Database-Map) Configuration Command

Section 23.1. Enable at Compile Time

Section 23.2. The K Configuration Command

Section 23.3. The K Command switches

-A

-a

-D

-f

-k

-l (lowercase L)

-m

-N

-O

-o

-q

-S

-T

-t

-v

-z

Section 23.4. Use $( and $) in Rules

Section 23.5. Database Maps with mc Configuration

Section 23.6. Pitfalls

Section 23.7. Alphabetized Database-Map Types

arith

btree

bestmx

dbm

dequote

dns

hash

hesiod

host

implicit

ldap (was ldapx)

macro

netinfo

nis

nisplus

nsd

null

ph

program

regex

sequence

stab

switch

syslog

text

userdb

user

Chapter 24. The O (Options) Configuration Command

Section 24.1. Overview

Section 24.2. Command-Line Options

Section 24.3. Configuration File Options

Section 24.4. Options in the mc File

Section 24.5. Alphabetical Table of All Options

Section 24.6. Option Argument Types

Section 24.7. Interrelating Options

Section 24.8. Pitfalls

Section 24.9. Alphabetized Options

AliasFile

AliasWait

AllowBogusHELO

AuthMaxBits

AuthMechanisms

AuthOptions

AutoRebuildAliases

BadRcptThrottle

BlankSub

CACertFile

CACertPath

CheckAliases

CheckpointInterval

ClassFactor

ClientCertFile

ClientKeyFile

ClientPortOptions

ColonOkInAddr

ConnectionCacheSize

ConnectionCacheTimeout

ConnectionRateThrottle

ConnectOnlyTo

ControlSocketName

DaemonPortOptions

DataFileBufferSize

DeadLetterDrop

DefaultAuthInfo

DefaultCharSet

DefaultUser

DelayLA

DeliverByMin

DeliveryMode

DHParameters

DialDelay

DirectSubmissionModifiers

DontBlameSendmail

DontExpandCnames

DontInitGroups

DontProbeInterfaces

DontPruneRoutes

DoubleBounceAddress

EightBitMode

ErrorHeader

ErrorMode

FallbackMXhost

FastSplit

ForkEachJob

ForwardPath

HelpFile

HoldExpensive

HostsFile

HostStatusDirectory

IgnoreDots

InputMailFilters

LDAPDefaultSpec

LogLevel

MailboxDatabase

MatchGECOS

MaxAliasRecursion

MaxDaemonChildren

MaxHeadersLength

MaxHopCount

MaxMessageSize

MaxMimeHeaderLength

MaxQueueChildren

MaxQueueRunSize

MaxRecipientsPerMessage

MaxRunnersPerQueue

MeToo

Milter

MinFreeBlocks

MinQueueAge

MustQuoteChars

NiceQueueRun

NoRecipientAction

OldStyleHeaders

OperatorChars

PidFile

PostmasterCopy

PrivacyOptions

ProcessTitlePrefix

QueueDirectory

QueueFactor

QueueFileMode

QueueLA

QueueSortOrder

QueueTimeout

RandFile

RecipientFactor

RefuseLA

ResolverOptions

RetryFactor

RrtImpliesDsn

RunAsUser

SafeFileEnvironment

SaveFromLine

SendMimeErrors

ServerCertFile

ServerKeyFile

ServiceSwitchFile

SevenBitInput

SharedMemoryKey

SingleLineFromHeader

SingleThreadDelivery

SmtpGreetingMessage

StatusFile

SuperSafe

TempFileMode

Timeout

TimeZoneSpec

TLSSrvOptions

TrustedUser

TryNullMXList

UnixFromLine

UnsafeGroupWrites

UseErrorsTo

UseMSP

UserDatabaseSpec

Verbose

XscriptFileBufferSize

M

Chapter 25. The H (Headers) Configuration Command

Section 25.1. Overview

Section 25.2. Header Names

Section 25.3. Header Field Contents

Section 25.4. ?flags? in Header Definitions

Section 25.5. Rules Check Header Contents

Section 25.6. Header Behavior in conf.c

Section 25.7. Headers and mc Configuration

Section 25.8. Headers by Category

Section 25.9. Forwarding with Resent Headers

Section 25.10. Precedence

Section 25.11. Pitfalls

Section 25.12. Alphabetized Header Reference

Apparently-From:

Apparently-To:

Auto-Submitted:

Bcc:

Cc:

Comments:

Content-Description:

Content-Disposition:

Content-Id:

Content-Length:

Content-Transfer-Encoding:

Content-Type:

Date:

Delivered-To:

Disposition-Notification-To:

Encrypted:

Errors-To:

From:

Full-Name:

In-Reply-To:

Keywords:

Mail-From:

Message-ID:

Message:

MIME-Version:

Posted-Date:

Precedence:

Priority:

Received:

References:

Reply-To:

Return-Path:

Return-Receipt-To:

Sender:

Subject:

Text:

To:

Via:

X-Authentication-Warning:

X400-Received:

Part IV: Appendixes

Appendix A. The mc Configuration Macros and Directives

Appendix B. What's New Since V8.8

Section B.1. Chapter 1

Section B.2. Chapter 2

Section B.3. Chapter 3

Section B.4. Chapter 4

Section B.5. Chapter 5

Section B.6. Chapter 6

Section B.7. Chapter 7

Section B.8. Chapter 8

Section B.9. Chapter 9

Section B.10. Chapter 10

Section B.11. Chapter 11

Section B.12. Chapter 12

Section B.13. Chapter 13

Section B.14. Chapter 14

Section B.15. Chapter 15

Section B.16. Chapter 16

Section B.17. Chapter 17

Section B.18. Chapter 18

Section B.19. Chapter 19

Section B.20. Chapter 20

Section B.21. Chapter 21

Section B.22. Chapter 22

Section B.23. Chapter 23

Section B.24. Chapter 24

Section B.25. Chapter 25

Appendix C. Error Message Reference

Section C.1. Where Errors Are Printed

Section C.2. Alphabetized Error Reference

Appendix D. The checkcompat( ) Cookbook

Section D.1. How checkcompat( ) Works

Section D.2. Reject Bad Body Lines

Section D.3. Reject Excess 8-Bit Characters

Appendix E. A Map to Tutorial Information

Section E.1. How to Use This Guide

Section E.2. The Guide

Bibliography

Requests for Comments

Publications and Postings

Colophon

Index