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Index: E

earthquakes : 12.2.1.4. Earthquake

eavesdropping

12.3.1. Eavesdropping

12.3.1.5. Fiber optic cable

12.4.1.2. Potential for eavesdropping and data theft

14.4.4. Protecting Against Eavesdropping

14.4.4.2. Protection against eavesdropping

16.3.1. Link-level Security

IP packets

16.3.1. Link-level Security
17.3.3. TELNET (TCP Port 23)

through log files : 18.4.2. Eavesdropping Through Log Files

on the Web

18.4. Avoiding the Risks of Eavesdropping
18.4.2. Eavesdropping Through Log Files

X clients : 17.3.21.2. X security

ECB (electronic code book)

6.4.4.2. DES modes
6.6.2. des: The Data Encryption Standard

echo command : 23.5. Tips on Using Passwords

ECPA (Electronic Communications Privacy Act) : 26.2.3. Federal Computer Crime Laws

editing wtmp file : 10.1.3.1. Pruning the wtmp file

editors : 11.5.2.7. Other initializations

buffers for : 11.1.4. Trojan Horses

Emacs : 11.5.2.3. GNU .emacs

ex

5.5.3.2. Another SUID example: IFS and the /usr/lib/preserve hole
11.5.2.4. .exrc
11.5.2.7. Other initializations

startup file attacks : 11.5.2.4. .exrc

vi

5.5.3.2. Another SUID example: IFS and the /usr/lib/preserve hole
11.5.2.4. .exrc
11.5.2.7. Other initializations

edquota command : 25.2.2.5. Using quotas

EDS : F.3.4.11. EDS and EDS customers worldwide

education : (see security, user awareness of)

effective UIDs/GIDs

4.3.1. Real and Effective UIDs
5.5. SUID
10.1.2.1. su command and /etc/utmp and /var/adm/wtmp files
C.1.3.2. Process real and effective UID

8mm video tape : 7.1.4. Guarding Against Media Failure

electrical fires

12.2.1.2. Smoke
(see also fires; smoke and smoking)

electrical noise : 12.2.1.8. Electrical noise

electronic

breakins : (see breakins; cracking)

code book (ECB)

6.4.4.2. DES modes
6.6.2. des: The Data Encryption Standard

mail : (see mail)

Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) : 26.2.3. Federal Computer Crime Laws

ElGamal algorithm

6.4.2. Summary of Public Key Systems
6.5.3. Digital Signatures

elm (mail system) : 11.5.2.5. .forward, .procmailrc

emacs editor : 11.5.2.7. Other initializations

.emacs file : 11.5.2.3. GNU .emacs

email : (see mail)

embedded commands : (see commands)

embezzlers : 11.3. Authors

emergency response organizations : (see response teams)

employees

11.3. Authors
13. Personnel Security
13.3. Outsiders
departure of : 13.2.6. Departure
phonebook of : 12.3.3. Other Media
security checklist for : A.1.1.12. Chapter 13: Personnel Security
targeted in legal investigation : 26.2.5. If You or One of Your Employees Is a Target of an Investigation...
trusting : 27.3.1. Your Employees?
written authorization for : 26.2.6. Other Tips

encryption

6.2. What Is Encryption?

6.2.2. The Elements of Encryption

12.2.6.2. Encryption

(see also cryptography)

algorithms : 2.5. The Problem with Security Through Obscurity

crypt

6.6.1. UNIX crypt: The Original UNIX Encryption Command
6.6.1.3. Example

Digital Signature Algorithm

6.4.2. Summary of Public Key Systems
6.5.3. Digital Signatures

ElGamal : 6.4.2. Summary of Public Key Systems

IDEA : 6.4.1. Summary of Private Key Systems

RC2, RC4, and RC5

6.4.1. Summary of Private Key Systems
6.4.8. Proprietary Encryption Systems

ROT13 : 6.4.3. ROT13: Great for Encoding Offensive Jokes

RSA

6.4.2. Summary of Public Key Systems
6.4.6. RSA and Public Key Cryptography
6.4.6.3. Strength of RSA

application-level : 16.3.1. Link-level Security

of backups

7.1.6.3. Data security for backups
7.4.4. Encrypting Your Backups
12.3.2.4. Backup encryption

checklist for : A.1.1.5. Chapter 6: Cryptography

Data Encryption Standard (DES)

6.4.1. Summary of Private Key Systems
6.4.4. DES
6.4.5.2. Triple DES
6.6.2. des: The Data Encryption Standard

DCE and : 3.2.2. The /etc/passwd File and Network Databases

Diffie-Hellman : (see Diffie-Hellman key exchange system)

end-to-end : 16.3.1. Link-level Security

Enigma system

6.3. The Enigma Encryption System
6.6.1.1. The crypt program
(see also crypt command/algorithm)

escrowing keys

6.1.3. Modern Controversy
7.1.6.3. Data security for backups

exporting software : 26.4.1. Munitions Export

of hypertext links : 18.4.1. Eavesdropping Over the Wire

laws about

6.7. Encryption and U.S. Law
6.7.2. Cryptography and Export Controls

link-level : 16.3.1. Link-level Security

of modems : 14.6. Additional Security for Modems

Netscape Navigator system : 18.4.1. Eavesdropping Over the Wire

with network services : 17.4. Security Implications of Network Services

one-time pad mechanism : 6.4.7. An Unbreakable Encryption Algorithm

of passwords

8.6. The UNIX Encrypted Password System
8.6.4. Crypt16() and Other Algorithms
23.5. Tips on Using Passwords

PGP : (see PGP)

programs for UNIX

6.6. Encryption Programs Available for UNIX
6.6.3.6. PGP detached signatures

proprietary algorithms : 6.4.8. Proprietary Encryption Systems

RC4 and RC5 algorithms : 6.4.1. Summary of Private Key Systems

references on : D.1.5. Cryptography Books

Skipjack algorithm : 6.4.1. Summary of Private Key Systems

superencryption : 6.4.5. Improving the Security of DES

and superusers : 6.2.4. Why Use Encryption with UNIX?

of Web information : 18.4.1. Eavesdropping Over the Wire

end-to-end encryption : 16.3.1. Link-level Security

Energy Sciences Network (ESnet) : F.3.4.43. U.S. Department of Energy sites, Energy Sciences Network (ESnet), and DOE contractors

Enigma encryption system

6.3. The Enigma Encryption System
6.6.1.1. The crypt program

Enterprise Networks : 16.1. Networking

environment variables

11.5.2.7. Other initializations
23.2. Tips on Avoiding Security-related Bugs

environment, physical

12.2.1. The Environment
12.2.1.13. Environmental monitoring

erasing disks : 12.3.2.3. Sanitize your media before disposal

erotica, laws governing : 26.4.5. Pornography and Indecent Material

errno variable : 23.2. Tips on Avoiding Security-related Bugs

errors : 7.1.1.1. A taxonomy of computer failures

in ACLs : 5.2.5.1. AIX Access Control Lists
configuration : 9.1. Prevention
human : 7.1.4. Guarding Against Media Failure

errors

Preface
(see also auditing, system activity)

escape sequences, modems and : 14.5.3.1. Originate testing

escrowing encryption keys

6.1.3. Modern Controversy
7.1.6.3. Data security for backups

ESnet (Energy Sciences Network) : F.3.4.43. U.S. Department of Energy sites, Energy Sciences Network (ESnet), and DOE contractors

espionage : 11.3. Authors

/etc directory

11.1.2. Back Doors and Trap Doors

11.5.3.5. System initialization files

backups of : 7.1.3. Types of Backups

/etc/aliases file : 11.5.3.3. /usr/lib/aliases, /etc/aliases, /etc/sendmail/aliases, aliases.dir, or aliases.pag

/etc/default/login file : 8.5.1. Secure Terminals

/etc/exports file

11.6.1.2. Writable system files and directories
19.3.2.4. Using Secure NFS
making changes to : 20.2.1.2. /usr/etc/exportfs

/etc/fbtab file : 17.3.21.1. /etc/fbtab and /etc/logindevperm

/etc/fingerd program : (see finger command)

/etc/fsck program : 24.4.1.7. Hidden files and directories

/etc/fstab file

11.1.2. Back Doors and Trap Doors
19.3.2.5. Mounting a secure filesystem

/etc/ftpd : (see ftpd server)

/etc/ftpusers file : 17.3.2.5. Restricting FTP with the standard UNIX FTP server

/etc/group file

1.2. What Is an Operating System?
4.1.3.1. The /etc/group file
4.2.3. Impact of the /etc/passwd and /etc/group Files on Security
8.1.6. Group Accounts

/etc/halt command : 24.2.6. Anatomy of a Break-in

/etc/hosts file : 16.2.3.1. The /etc/hosts file

/etc/hosts.equiv : (see hosts.equiv file)

/etc/hosts.lpd file : 17.3.18.6. /etc/hosts.lpd file

/etc/inetd : (see inetd daemon)

/etc/inetd.conf file : 17.3. Primary UNIX Network Services

/etc/init program : C.5.1. Process #1: /etc/init

/etc/inittab : (see inittab program)

/etc/keystore file : 19.3.1.1. Proving your identity

/etc/logindevperm file : 17.3.21.1. /etc/fbtab and /etc/logindevperm

/etc/motd file : 26.2.6. Other Tips

/etc/named.boot file

17.3.6.1. DNS zone transfers
17.3.6.2. DNS nameserver attacks

/etc/passwd file

1.2. What Is an Operating System?
3.2.1. The /etc/passwd File
3.2.2. The /etc/passwd File and Network Databases
4.2.3. Impact of the /etc/passwd and /etc/group Files on Security
8.1.1. Accounts Without Passwords
8.6. The UNIX Encrypted Password System
C.5.1. Process #1: /etc/init
+ in : (see NIS)
accounts without passwords : 8.1.1. Accounts Without Passwords
backing up : 7.1.2. What Should You Back Up?
new accounts : 24.4.1. New Accounts
NFS : 20.2.1.1. /etc/exports
uucp user and : 15.1.4. How the UUCP Commands Work

/etc/profile file

11.5.2.1. .login, .profile, /etc/profile
24.4.1.6. Changes to startup files

/etc/publickey file : 19.3.2.1. Creating passwords for users

/etc/rc directory

11.5.3.5. System initialization files
17.1.2. Starting the Servers
C.5.1. Process #1: /etc/init
commenting out services : 17.3. Primary UNIX Network Services

/etc/remote file

10.3.1. aculog File
14.5.1. Hooking Up a Modem to Your Computer

/etc/renice : (see renice command)

/etc/secure/passwd file : 8.1.1. Accounts Without Passwords

/etc/security/passwd.adjunct file : 8.8.5. Shadow Password Files

/etc/sendmail/aliases file : 11.5.3.3. /usr/lib/aliases, /etc/aliases, /etc/sendmail/aliases, aliases.dir, or aliases.pag

/etc/services file : 17.1.1. The /etc/services File

/etc/shadow file

8.1.1. Accounts Without Passwords
8.8.5. Shadow Password Files

/etc/shells file : 8.4.2. Changing the Account's Login Shell

/etc/syslogd : (see syslog facility)

/etc/tty file, backing up : 7.1.2. What Should You Back Up?

/etc/ttys file

8.5.1. Secure Terminals
14.5.1. Hooking Up a Modem to Your Computer

/etc/ttytab file : C.5.1. Process #1: /etc/init

/etc/utmp file

10.1.2. utmp and wtmp Files
10.1.2.1. su command and /etc/utmp and /var/adm/wtmp files
24.2.1. Catching One in the Act
24.2.4. Tracing a Connection

/etc/uucp directory : 15.4.2.1. Some bad examples

/etc/yp/makedbm program : 19.4.4.1. Setting up netgroups

in restricted filesystems : 8.1.5. Restricted Filesystem

Ethernet : 16.1. Networking

addresses for random seeds : 23.8. Picking a Random Seed
cables : (see cables, network)
eavesdropping by : 12.3.1.2. Eavesdropping by Ethernet and 10Base-T

Ethers table (NIS+) : 19.5.3. NIS+ Tables

Euler Totient Function : 6.4.6.1. How RSA works

eval function

18.2.3.2. Testing is not enough!
18.2.3.3. Sending mail

evidence, equipment seized as : 26.2.4. Hazards of Criminal Prosecution

ex editor

5.5.3.2. Another SUID example: IFS and the /usr/lib/preserve hole
11.5.2.4. .exrc
11.5.2.7. Other initializations

exceptions : C.2. Creating Processes

exclamation mark (!) and mail command : 15.1.3. mail Command

exclusive OR (XOR) : 6.4.7. An Unbreakable Encryption Algorithm

exec (in Swatch program) : 10.6.2. The Swatch Configuration File

exec system call

5.1.7. File Permissions in Detail
18.2.3.3. Sending mail
23.2. Tips on Avoiding Security-related Bugs
25.2.1.1. Too many processes

ExecCGI option : 18.3.2. Commands Within the <Directory> Block

execl system call : 23.4. Tips on Writing SUID/SGID Programs

execlp system call : 23.4. Tips on Writing SUID/SGID Programs

execute permission

5.1.7. File Permissions in Detail
5.4. Using Directory Permissions

execv system call : 23.4. Tips on Writing SUID/SGID Programs

execve system call : 23.4. Tips on Writing SUID/SGID Programs

execvp system call : 23.4. Tips on Writing SUID/SGID Programs

expiring

accounts : 8.4.3. Finding Dormant Accounts
FTP depositories : 17.3.2.6. Setting up anonymous FTP with the standard UNIX FTP server
passwords : 8.8.6. Password Aging and Expiration

explosions : 12.2.1.5. Explosion

export laws : 26.4.1. Munitions Export

cryptography

6.4.4.1. Use and export of DES
6.7.2. Cryptography and Export Controls

exportfs command : 20.2.1.2. /usr/etc/exportfs

exports file

11.6.1.2. Writable system files and directories
19.3.2.4. Using Secure NFS
20.2.1.1. /etc/exports
20.2.1.2. /usr/etc/exportfs

.exrc file : 11.5.2.4. .exrc

ext2 filesystem (Linux) : 25.2.2.6. Reserved space

external data representation (XDR) : 19.2. Sun's Remote Procedure Call (RPC)

extinguishers, fire : (see fires)

extortion : 11.3. Authors

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