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This section describes how to configure the Cisco ATA to operate with the H.323 signaling image and how the Cisco ATA obtains the latest signaling image.
You can configure the Cisco ATA for use with H.323 with any of the following methods:
This section contains the following topics:
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Note The term Cisco ATA is used throughout this manual to refer to both the Cisco ATA 186 and the Cisco ATA 188, unless differences between the Cisco ATA 186 and Cisco ATA 188 are explicitly stated. |
Before configuring the Cisco ATA, you need to know how the default Cisco ATA boot load process works. Once you understand this process, you will be able to configure the Cisco ATA by following the instructions provided in this section and in the sections that follow.
All Cisco ATAs are shipped with a boot load signaling-protocol image. However, because this image is not a fully functional signaling image, the image must be upgraded. The image is designed to be automatically upgraded by a properly configured TFTP server. To configure the Cisco ATA to automatically upgrade to the latest signaling image, see the "Upgrading the Signaling Image from a TFTP Server" section.
In addition, the Cisco ATA obtains its configuration file during the boot load process.
The following list summarizes the default Cisco ATA behavior during its boot-up process:
1. The Cisco ATA uses the Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) to discover which VLAN to enter. If the Cisco ATA receives a VLAN ID response from the network switch, the Cisco ATA enters that VLAN and adds 802.1Q VLAN tags to its IP packets. If the Cisco ATA does not receive a response with a VLAN ID from the network switch, then the Cisco ATA assumes it is not operating in a VLAN environment and does not perform VLAN tagging on its packets.
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Note If your network environment is not set up to handle this default behavior, make the necessary configuration changes by referring to the "Specifying a Preconfigured VLAN ID or Disabling VLAN IP Encapsulation" section. |
2. The Cisco ATA contacts the DHCP server to request its own IP address.
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Note If your network environment does not contain a DHCP server, you need to statically configure various IP addresses so that the Cisco ATA can obtain network connectivity. For a list of parameters that you must configure to obtain network connectivity, see Table 3-5. For instructions on how to use the voice configuration menu, which you must use to perform this configuration, see the "Voice Configuration Menu" section. |
3. Also from the DHCP server, the Cisco ATA requests the IP address of the TFTP server.
4. The Cisco ATA contacts the TFTP server and downloads the Cisco ATA release software that contains the correct signaling image for the Cisco ATA to function properly.
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Note If you are not using a TFTP server, you need to manually upgrade the Cisco ATA to the correct signaling image. For information on this procedure, see the "Upgrading the Signaling Image Manually" section. |
5. The Cisco ATA looks for a Cisco ATA-specific configuration file (designated by the MAC address of the Cisco ATA and named ata<macaddress>) on the TFTP server and downloads this file if it exists.
6. If the Cisco ATA does not find the ata<macaddress> configuration file, it looks for the atadefault.cfg configuration file and downloads this file if it exists. This file can contain default values for the Cisco ATA to use.
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Note When the Cisco ATA is downloading its DHCP configuration, the function button on the top panel blinks. |
If you want the Cisco ATA to use a preconfigured VLAN ID instead of using the Cisco Discovery Protocol to locate a VLAN, or if you want to disable VLAN IP encapsulation, refer to Table 3-1 for a reference to the parameters and bits you may need to configure. Use the voice configuration menu to configure these parameters. (See the "Voice Configuration Menu" section for instructions on using this menu.) Also, refer to Table 3-2 for a matrix on which VLAN-related parameters and bits to configure depending on your network environment.
Table 3-2 VLAN-Related Features and Corresponding Configuration Parameters
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N/A indicates that the variable is not applicable to the feature and the setting of this varaible does not affect the feature.
The following procedure shows you how to configure the OpFlags and VLANSetting parameters to allow the Cisco ATA to use a user-specified VLAN ID. In this example, the voice VLAN ID is 115 (in decimal format).
xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx x101 xxxx
The remaining bits of the OpFlags parameter, using all default values, make up the following bitmap representation:
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0xxx 0010
Therefore, the resulting value of the OpFlags parameter becomes the following bitmap representation:
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0101 0010
In hexadecimal format, this value is 0x00000052.
Step 2 Set bits 18-29 of the VLANSetting parameter to to voice VLAN ID 115. This setting translates to the following bitmap
xx00 0001 1100 11xx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx
where 000001110011 is the binary representation of the demical value 115.
The remaining bits of the VLANSetting parameter, using all default values, make up the following representation:
00xx xxxx xxxx xx00 0000 0000 0010 1011
Therefore, the resulting value of the VLANSetting parameter becomes the following bitmap representation:
0000 0001 1100 1100 0000 0000 0010 1011
In hexadecimal format, this value is 0x01cc002b.
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Note If you are using the voice configuration menu to set the parameters, you must convert hexadecimal values to decimal values. For example, the OpFlags setting of 0x00000052 is equivalent to 82 in decimal format, and the VLANSetting of 0x01cc002b is equivalent to 30146603 in decimal format. |
This section contains the following topics:
Table 3-3 shows the basic steps for configuring the Cisco ATA and making it operational in a typical H.323 environment, which includes a TFTP server.
Table 3-3 Basic Steps to Configure the Cisco ATA in a TFTP Environment
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Table 3-4 shows the basic steps for configuring the Cisco ATA without using the TFTP server method.
Table 3-4 Basic Steps to Configure the Cisco ATA Without Using the TFTP Server Method
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The TFTP method of configuration is useful when you have many Cisco ATA because you can use a TFTP server for remote, batch configuration of Cisco ATAs. A TFTP server can host one unique configuration file for each Cisco ATA.
This section contains the following topics:
This section provides the procedure for the Cisco ATA administrator to obtain the correct Cisco ATA software and set up the TFTP server with this software.
Step 2 Download the zip file that contains the software for the applicable release and signaling image you are using. The contents of each file are described next to the file name. Save the zip file onto a floppy disc.
Step 3 Extract the signaling files onto the TFTP server. This should be the same TFTP server that will contain the binary Cisco ATA configuration file that you create (either ata<macaddress> or atadefault.cfg).
Table 4-1 contains a list of all required H.323 parameters. These parameters must be properly configured for the Cisco ATA to work.
For descriptions of important Cisco ATA H.323 services that you can configure, and references to their configuration parameters, see the "Important Basic H.323 Services" section and the "Additional H.323 Services" section.
Table 4-4 lists, in alphabetical order, various features that you can configure for the Cisco ATA. Table 4-4 also includes links to the related parameter that allows you to configure each of these features. Each link takes you to a detailed description of the parameter that includes its default values.
For an example of how to configure parameters for the TFTP Server configuration method, see the "Creating Unique and Common Cisco ATA Configuration Files" section.
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Note Be sure to configure the UseSIP parameter to the value of 0 (its default) to enable the H.323 protocol. |
If you have many Cisco ATAs to configure, a good approach is to create two configuration files:
The following procedure demonstrates the steps needed to create these configuration files.
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Note The parameters used in this section help illustrate the process of creating a unique Cisco ATA configuration file, and do not include all required H.323 parameters in the examples. See "Parameters and Defaults," for complete listings and descriptions of required parameters and additional configurable features. Also, refer back to Table 3-3 for all main configuration steps. |
Copy the example_uprofile.txt file and save it with a meaningful name, such as common.txt.
Step 2 Configure all common parameters by editing the text file as desired. For example, you might configure some parameters as follows:
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Tip It is helpful to always include the parameter/value of ToConfig:0 in the Cisco ATA configuration file so that every time this file is downloaded to the Cisco ATA, it will set ToConfig to 0, which the appropriate value for this parameter once the Cisco ATA has been configured. If ToConfig is 1, the Cisco ATA will continue to unnecessarily contact the TFTP server. |
The settings in this example indicate that a group of Cisco ATAs is using the TFTP server with an IP address of 10.10.10.1 to obtain their configuration files. These Cisco ATAs will use a DHCP server to obtain their own IP addresses but not to obtain the TFTP server IP address (because the TftpURL parameter has a configured value).
Step 3 Save your changes.
Step 4 Use the example_uprofile.txt file again, this time as a template for creating a text file of values that are specific to one Cisco ATA. For example, you might configure the following parameters:
Save this file of Cisco ATA-specific parameters as:
where macaddress is the non-dotted hexadecimal version of the MAC address of the Cisco ATA you are configuring. This non-dotted hexadecimal MAC address is labeled on the bottom of most Cisco ATAs next to the word "MAC." The file name must be exactly 15 characters long. (However, if this filename is supplied by the DHCP server, the name can be as long as 31 characters and can be any name with printable ASCII characters.)
If necessary, you can obtain the non-dotted hexadecimal MAC address by using the atapname.exe command. For information on using the atapname.exe command, see the "Using atapname.exe Tool to Obtain MAC Address" section. That section includes an example of a dotted decimal MAC address and its corresponding non-dotted hexadecimal address.
Step 5 On the top line of the ata<macaddress>.txt file, add an include command to include the name of the common-parameters file, and save the file.
Step 6 Run the cfgfmt.exe tool, which is bundled with the Cisco ATA software, on the ata<macaddress>.txt text file to generate the binary configuration file. If you wish to encrypt the binary file for security reasons, see the "Using the EncryptKey Parameter and cfgfmt Tool" section.
The syntax of the cfgfmt program follows:
cfgfmt [-eRC4Password] -tpTagFile input-text-file output-binary-file
cfgfmt -tptag.dat ata0a141e28323c.txt ata0a141e28323c
This example is based on a Cisco ATA MAC address of 10.20.30.40.50.60, which converts to the two-digit, lower-case hexadecimal representation of each integer as 0a141e28323c.
When you convert the ata<macaddress>.txt file to a binary file, the binary file will merge the two text files to form one Cisco ATA-specific binary configuration file for your Cisco ATA.
If the same parameter is configured with different values in these two files, the value in the ata<macaddress>.txt file takes precedence over the value in the common.txt file.
Step 7 Store the binary configuration file in the TFTP server root directory.
When the Cisco ATA powers up, it will retrieve its unique configuration file from the TFTP server.
Step 8 If you want to make configuration changes after boot up, repeat the process of creating or editing the text files containing the desired parameters, then converting the ata<macaddress>.txt text file to the binary file and storing the binary file on the TFTP server. For the configuration changes to take effect immediately, refresh the Cisco ATA. (See the "Refreshing or Resetting the Cisco ATA" section.)
After being refreshed, the Cisco ATA will download the updated ata<macaddress> configuration file.
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Note If you do not perform a refresh procedure, the Cisco ATA will update its configuration the next time it contacts the TFTP server, which is based on the configured value of the CfgInterval parameter. |
This bundled tool is useful for converting the dotted decimal version of the Cisco ATA MAC address (available on the Cisco ATA Web configuration page or from the voice configuration menu code 24#) to its default Cisco ATA profile name. This name has the following format:
ataxxxxxxxxxxxx
where each xx is the two-digit, lower-case hexadecimal representation of each integer in the dotted, decimal version of the Cisco ATA MAC address. This is the name you use for the unique Cisco ATA binary configuration file.
The following command and output show an example of this command.
atapname.exe 10.20.30.40.50.60
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Note The same functionality is available from the voice configuration menu (voice menu code 84#), which will announce the Cisco ATA profile name. |
The EncryptKey parameter encrypts binary files being transferred over TFTP. You can change this key for each Cisco ATA, so that only one specific Cisco ATA can decode the information.
By default, the Cisco ATA-specific ata<macaddress> configuration file is not encrypted. If encryption is required, however, you must manually configure the EncryptKey parameter before you boot up the Cisco ATA so that the TFTP method is secure. Use either the voice configuration menu (see the "Voice Configuration Menu" section) or the Cisco ATA web configuration page (see the "Cisco ATA Web Configuration Page" section) to configure the EncryptKey parameter.
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Note Because the factory-fresh ATA cannot accept encrypted configuration files, the first unencrypted file, if intercepted, can easily be read. (You would still have to know the data structure format in order to decode the binary information from the unencrypted file.) Therefore, the new encryption key in the unencrypted file can be compromised. |
Set the EncryptKey parameter to a nonzero value. When this value is nonzero, the Cisco ATA assumes that the binary configuration file on the TFTP server is to be encrypted with this key by means of the RC4 cipher algorithm. The Cisco ATA will use this key to decrypt the configuration file.
The Cisco ATA EncryptKey parameter and the encryption key used in the cfgfmt tool command syntax must match.
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Note For security reasons, Cisco recommends that you set the UIPassword parameter (if desired) in the configuration file and not by using one of the manual configuration methods. |
The cfgfmt.exe syntax affects how the EncryptKey parameter is used, as shown in the following examples. In these examples, input_text is the ata<macaddress>.txt file that you will convert to binary to create the ata<macaddress> configuration file for the Cisco ATA; output_binary is that binary ata<macaddress> file, and Secret is the encryption key.
If input-text-file sets the Cisco ATA EncryptKey parameter to 0, then output-binary-file is not encrypted. If the input-text-file sets EncryptKey to a non-zero value, then output-binary-file is encrypted with that value.
If the Cisco ATA EncryptKey parameter has the value of 0 or is not included in input-text-file, the Secret is used to encrypt the output-binary-file. If input-text-file sets the Cisco ATA EncryptKey parameter to a nonzero value and the -e option is used, then output-binary-file is encrypted with the EncryptKey parameter set in input-text-file and Secret is ignored.
The -E (uppercase) option means that any value specified for the Cisco ATA EncryptKey parameter in input-text-file is ignored. However, because Secret is not specified in this example, output-binary-file is not encrypted. Nevertheless, the EncryptKey parameter and its value, if specified in input-file-text, will be included in output-binary-file for possible encryption at a later time.
The -E (uppercase) option means that any value specified for the Cisco ATA EncryptKey parameter in input-text-file is ignored and the output-binary-file is encrypted with the Secret key. However, the EncryptKey parameter and its value, if specified in input-text-file, will be included in output-binary-file.
You can create a configuration file, called atadefault.cfg, that is common to all Cisco ATAs. This configuration file is applied to a Cisco ATA only if a unique configuration file (ata<macaddress>) does not exist for the Cisco ATA on the TFTP server during the Cisco ATA power-up procedure.
You can use the atadefault.cfg file to provide limited functionality for when you first install the Cisco ATA. For example, if your service provider provides the ethernet connection and VoIP telephony service, you may need to call customer service to activate the service. If the atadefault.cfg file is configured to provide a direct connection to the customer service center, you can simply pick up the telephone and wait to be connected without using your regular phone.
The following procedure illustrates how to create the Cisco ATA default configuration file, convert it to the required binary format that the Cisco ATA can read, and store it on the TFTP server so that the Cisco ATA will download it during the boot-up process:
Step 2 Make the desired configuration changes by editing the atadefault.txt file, then save the file.
Step 3 Convert the atadefault.txt file to a binary file by running the cfgfmt.exe tool, which is bundled with the Cisco ATA software.
Step 4 Store the binary atadefault.cfg configuration file in the TFTP server root directory.
During the boot-up process, the Cisco ATA will download this file as its configuration file unless it first finds a Cisco ATA-specific configuration file named for the MAC address of the Cisco ATA.
This section describes three methods for how the Cisco ATA contacts the TFTP server to obtain its configuration file:
When using a DHCP server, configuration settings vary depending on whether or not the DHCP server is under the control of the Cisco ATA system administrator or the service provider. The simplest configuration is when the DHCP server is under the control of the Cisco ATA administrator, in which case the DHCP server provides the IP address of the TFTP server. Depending on who controls the DHCP server, follow the applicable configuration procedure:
This section also includes the topic:
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Note If no DHCP server is found and the Cisco ATA is programmed to find one, the function button continues to blink. |
If you use DHCP option 150, the Cisco ATA will ignore DHCP option 66. However, if you use DHCP option 66, you must turn off DHCP option 150 or set its value to 0.
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Note You can turn off the DHCP option 150 request by using the Cisco ATA OpFlags parameter (see the "OpFlags" section 5-33). |
Step 2 Make sure to use default values for the following Cisco ATA parameters:
This completes the parameter settings and DHCP options you need to configure for this procedure. The Cisco ATA will contact the DHCP server for the IP address of the TFTP server that contains the Cisco ATA configuration file.
This is the procedure to use if the DHCP server is not under the control of the Cisco ATA administrator, which means that the URL of the TFTP server must be manually configured.
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Note If you are not using a DHCP server to provide the TFTP server location, you must manually configure the TftfURL. You can do this by using the voice configuration menu without first obtaining network connectivity for the Cisco ATA. If you want to configure this value using the Web configuration page, you first must obtain network connectivity by using the voice configuration menu to statically configure IP address information (see the "Voice Configuration Menu" section). |
Step 2 Use the default value of 1 for the Cisco ATA parameter DHCP.
Step 3 Use the default value of 1 for the Cisco ATA parameter UseTftp.
This completes the parameter settings you need to configure for this procedure. The Cisco ATA will contact the manually configured TFTP server that contains the Cisco ATA configuration file.
The following parameters can also be configured with DHCP:
Use the following procedure if you are not using a DHCP server in your environment but are still using a TFTP server to obtain the Cisco ATA configuration file:
Step 2 Set the UseTFTP parameter to 1.
Step 3 Set the Cisco ATA parameter TftpURL to the IP address or URL of the TFTP server. For more information on setting the TftpURL parameter, see the "TftpURL" section.
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Note If you are not using a DHCP server to provide the TFTP server location, you must manually enter the TftpUrl using either the voice configuration menu or the Web configuration page. |
Step 4 If you have done already done so, statically configure the following parameters using the voice configuration menu (see the "Voice Configuration Menu" section). These are the parameters you need to configure for the Cisco ATA to obtain network connectivity:
Other parameters that are normally supplied by DHCP may be provided statically by configuring their values. These parameters are:
This completes the parameter settings you need to configure in order for the Cisco ATA to contact the TFTP server (without using DHCP) that will contain the configuration file for the Cisco ATA.
The main reasons to use the voice configuration menu are to establish IP connectivity for the Cisco ATA if a DHCP server is not being used in your network environment, and to reset the Cisco ATA to its factory values if necessary. You can also use the voice configuration menu if you need to configure a small number of parameters or if the web interface and TFTP configuration are not available.
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Note Do not use the voice configuration menu to attempt to change any values that you configured by means of the TFTP configuration file method. Whenever the Cisco ATA refreshes, it downloads its ata<macaddress> configuration file or atadefault.cfg default configuration file from the TFTP server, and the values in either of these files will overwrite the values of any corresponding parameters configured with the voice configuration menu. |
See "Parameters and Defaults," for a complete list of parameters and their definitions. Also see Table 4-4 for an alphabetical listing of configurable features and references to their corresponding parameters.
This section contains the following topics:
To manually configure the Cisco ATA by using the voice configuration menu and the telephone keypad, perform the following steps:
Step 2 Lift the handset and press the function button located on the top of the Cisco ATA. You should receive the initial voice configuration menu voice prompt.
Step 3 Using the telephone keypad, enter the voice menu code for the parameter that you want to configure or the command that you want to execute, then press #. For a list of voice menu codes, see "Voice Menu Codes."
Table 3-5 lists the menu options that you need to configure basic IP connectivity for the Cisco ATA, after which you can use the Cisco ATA web configuration page to configure additional parameters.
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Note If you are using the voice configuration menu to statically configure the Cisco ATA IP address, you must disable DHCP by setting its value to 0. |
Table 3-5 Parameters that Provide Basic IP Connectivity for the Cisco ATA
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Step 4 Follow the voice prompts and enter the appropriate values, then press the # key.
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Note Use the * key to indicate a delimiter (dot). For example, to enter an IP address of 192.168.3.1, you would enter 192*168*3*1 on your telephone keypad. |
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Note When entering values for a field that contains a hexadecimal value, you must convert the hexadecimal value to a decimal value in order to enter it into the voice configuration menu system. For example, to enter the hexadecimal value 0x6A, you would enter the number 106 on the telephone keypad. |
The voice configuration menu repeats the value you entered, then prompts you to press one of the following keys:
Step 5 Press the # key after you have entered the desired key. If you do not press the # key, the system will automatically timeout after 10 seconds.
Step 6 Cisco strongly recommends that you set a password. Use the voice menu code 7387277 (SETPASS) to configure a password through the voice configuration menu, after which you are prompted for the password whenever you attempt to change a parameter value.
Step 7 After completing the configuration through the voice configuration menu, press the # key to exit.
Step 8 Hang up the telephone. The Cisco ATA configuration refreshes. The function button fast-blinks when the refresh completes.
Some voice configuration menu options require you to enter alphanumeric characters. Alphanumeric entry differs from numeric entry because you must press # after each character selected.
If you need to enter an alphanumeric value, the voice prompt tells you to enter an alphanumeric value; otherwise, enter a numeric value (0 to 9).
Table 3-6 lists the keys on a telephone keypad and their respective alphanumeric characters.
Using Table 3-6 as a guide, enter the appropriate number key on the telephone keypad as many times as needed to select the number, letter, or symbol required. For example, to enter 58sQ, you would enter:
It is possible that you may, under some circumstances, want to reset the Cisco ATA to its factory default values. For example, this is the only way to recover a forgotten password without contacting your Cisco representative.
To perform a factory reset, you must use the voice configuration menu and follow these steps:
Step 2 Press the digits 322873738 (FACTRESET) then press # on your telephone keypad.
Step 3 Press 3 on your telephone keypad to confirm that you want to reset the Cisco ATA, then hang up the phone.
You can use the Cisco ATA web configuration page in a non-TFTP configuration environment, or in a TFTP configuration environment as a read-only record of individual customer parameters.
You can display the most recent Cisco ATA configuration file from the TFTP server by opening your web browser and typing the following:
where ipaddress is the IP address of the Cisco ATA.
Figure 3-1 shows and example of the Cisco ATA web configuration page, which displays all configurable parameters.
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Note Do not use the web configuration page to attempt to change any values that you configured by means of the TFTP configuration file method. Whenever the Cisco ATA refreshes, it downloads its ata<macaddress> configuration file or atadefault.cfg default configuration file from the TFTP server, and the values in either of these files will overwrite the values of any corresponding parameters configured with the web configuration method. |
You can access the web configuration page from any graphics-capable browser, such as Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape. This provides easy initial access to the Cisco ATA configuration within the administrator's private network.
Follow these steps to set parameters using the web configuration page:
Step 2 Open your web browser.
Step 3 Enter the URL for your configuration page. The default URL for the web server is:
For example, the configuration page for a Cisco ATA with the IP address 192.168.3.225 is:
Step 4 Select the values for the items that you want to configure. See "Parameters and Defaults," for a complete list of parameters and their definitions. Also see Table 4-4 for an alphabetical listing of configurable features and references to their corresponding parameters.
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Note Cisco strongly recommends that you set a password. Use the UIPassword parameter to configure a password, after which you are prompted for the password whenever you attempt to change a parameter value. Configuration parameters cannot be accessed through the voice configuration menu if the password contains one or more letters and can be changed only by using the web interface or the TFTP configuration method. |
Step 5 Click apply to save your changes.
The Cisco ATA automatically refreshes its configuration.
Step 6 Close your web browser.
To prevent tampering and unauthorized access to the Cisco ATA configuration, the Cisco ATA built-in web server can be disabled by using the OpFlags parameter.
OpFlags—Bit 7
Whenever you make configuration changes to your Cisco ATA configuration file, you can refresh or reset the Cisco ATA for these configuration changes to immediately take effect. If you do not refresh or reset the Cisco ATA, the configuration changes will take effect the next time the Cisco ATA contacts the TFTP server, which occurs based on the configured value of the CfgInterval parameter (see the "Configuring the Cisco ATA Refresh Interval" section).
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Note A refresh procedure will update the Cisco ATA configuration file. A reset procedure will also update the Cisco ATA configuration file, and will additionally power-down and power-up the Cisco ATA. A reset should not be necessary if your only goal is to update the configuration file. |
To refresh the Cisco ATA, enter the following command from your web browser:
http://< ipaddress>/refresh
where ipaddress is the IP address of the Cisco ATA that you are refreshing.
To reset the Cisco ATA, enter the following command from your web browser:
http://< ipaddress>/reset
where ipaddress is the IP address of the Cisco ATA that you are resetting.
You can configure the Cisco ATA to disable the use of the http://ip/refresh command that forces a configuration-file update. Use Bit 8 of the OpFlags parameter to control this refresh access.
You can also configure the Cisco ATA to disable the use of the http://ip/reset command that resets the Cisco ATA. Use Bit 9 of the OpFlags parameter to control this reset access.
For instructions on how to upgrade the Cisco ATA to the most recent H.323 signaling image, refer to the following list:
Posted: Mon Dec 15 15:51:39 PST 2003
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