Chapter 13, Performance Monitoring

Performance monitoring parameters (PMs) are used by service providers to gather, store, threshold, and report performance data for early detection of problems. In this chapter, PM parameters and concepts are defined for both electrical cards and optical cards in the Cisco ONS 15454.

For information about enabling and viewing PMs, refer to the Cisco ONS 15454 Procedure Guide.

Note Additional PM information can also be found under Digital transmission surveillance, in Telcordia's GR-1230-CORE, GR-820-CORE, and GR-253-CORE documents and the ANSI document entitled Digital Hierarchy - Layer 1 In-Service Digital Transmission Performance Monitoring.

13.1 Threshold Reference

Thresholds are used to set error levels for each PM. You can program PM threshold ranges from the Provisioning > Threshold tabs on the card view. For procedures on provisioning card thresholds, such as line, path, and SONET thresholds, see the Card Provisioning Chapter.

During the accumulation cycle, if the current value of a performance monitoring parameter reaches or exceeds its corresponding threshold value, a threshold crossing alert (TCA) is generated by the node and sent to CTC. TCAs provide early detection of performance degradation. When a threshold is crossed, the node continues to count the errors during a given accumulation period. If 0 is entered as the threshold value, the performance monitoring parameter is disabled. Figure 13-1 shows the Provisioning > Threshold tabs for an OC-48 card.

Change the threshold if the default value does not satisfy your error monitoring needs. For example, customers with a critical DS1 installed for 911 calls must guarantee the best quality of service on the line; therefore, they lower all thresholds so that the slightest error raises a TCA.

13.2 Intermediate-Path Performance Monitoring Reference

Intermediate-path performance monitoring (IPPM) allows transparent monitoring of a constituent channel of an incoming transmission signal by a node that does not terminate that channel. Many large ONS 15454 networks only use line terminating equipment (LTE) not path terminating equipment (PTE). Table 13-1 shows ONS 15454 cards that are considered LTEs. Figure 13-2 shows the Provisioning > STS tabs for an OC-3 card.

Table 13-1 Traffic Cards That Terminate the Line, Called LTEs
Line Terminating Equipment
EC1-12	OC3 IR 4/STM1 SH 1310
OC12 IR/STM4 SH 1310	OC12 LR/STM4 LH 1310
OC12 LR/STM4 LH 1550	OC48 IR 1310
OC48 LR 1550	OC48 IR/STM16 SH AS 1310
OC48 LR/STM16 LH AS 1550	OC48 ELR/STM16 EH 100 GHz
OC48 ELR/STM16 EH 200 GHz	OC192 LR/STM64 LH 1550

Software R3.0 and higher allows LTE cards to monitor near-end PM data on individual STS payloads by enabling IPPM. After enabling IPPM provisioning on the line card, service providers can monitor large amounts of STS traffic through intermediate nodes, thus making troubleshooting and maintenance activities more efficient.

IPPM occurs only on STS paths which have IPPM enabled, and TCAs are raised only for PM parameters on the selected IPPM paths. The monitored IPPMs are STS CV-P, STS ES-P, STS SES-P, STS UAS-P, and STS FC-P.

Note Far-end IPPM is not supported. However, SONET path PMs can be monitored by logging into the far-end node directly.

The ONS 15454 performs IPPM by examining the overhead in the monitored path and by reading all of the near-end path PMs in the incoming direction of transmission. The IPPM process allows the path signal to pass bidirectionally through the node completely unaltered.

For detailed information about specific PMs, locate the card name in the following sections and review the appropriate definition.

13.3 Pointer Justification Count Reference

Pointers are used to compensate for frequency and phase variations. Pointer justification counts indicate timing errors on SONET networks. When a network is out of synch, jitter and wander occurs on the transported signal. Excessive wander can cause terminating equipment to slip. It also causes slips at the SDH and PDH boundaries.

Slips cause different effects in service: Voice service has intermittent audible clicks. Compressed voice technology has short transmission errors or dropped calls. Fax machines lose scanned lines or experience dropped calls. Digital video transmission has distorted pictures or frozen frames. Encryption service loses the encryption key causing data to be transmitted again.

Pointers provide a way to align the phase variations in STS and VT payloads. The STS payload pointer is located in the H1 and H2 bytes of the line overhead. Clocking differences are measured by the offset in bytes from the pointer to the first byte of the STS synchronous payload envelope (SPE) called the J1 byte. Clocking differences that exceed the normal range of 0 to 782 can cause data loss.

Figure 13-3 shows pointer justification count parameters on the Performance Monitoring screen. You can enable PPJC and NPJC performance monitoring parameters for LTE cards. See Table 13-1 for a list of Cisco ONS 15454 LTE cards.

There are positive (PPJC) and negative (NPJC) pointer justification count parameters. PPJC is a count of path-detected (PPJC-Pdet) or path-generated (PPJC-Pgen) positive pointer justifications. NPJC is a count of path-detected (NPJC-Pdet) or path-generated (NPJC-Pgen) negative pointer justifications depending on the specific PM name.

A consistent pointer justification count indicates clock synchronization problems between nodes. A difference between the counts means the node transmitting the original pointer justification has timing variations with the node detecting and transmitting this count. Positive pointer adjustments occur when the frame rate of the SPE is too slow in relation to the rate of the STS 1.

On CTC, the count fields for PPJC and NPJC PMs appear white and blank unless they are enabled on the Provisioning > Line tabs. Figure 13-4 shows the PJStsMon# menu on the Provisioning screen.

13.4 Performance Monitoring for Electrical Cards

The following sections define performance monitoring parameters for the EC1, DS1, DS1N, DS3, DS3N, DS3-12E, DS3N-12E, and DS3XM electrical cards.

13.4.1 EC-1 Card Performance Monitoring Parameters

Figure 13-5 shows signal types that support far-end PMs. Far-end performance monitoring is not reported for EC1. Figure 13-6 shows where overhead bytes detected on the application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) produce performance monitoring parameters for the EC1 card.

Note The XX in the illustration above represents all PMs listed below with the given prefix and/or suffix.

Note SONET path PMs will not count unless IPPM is enabled. For additional information, see Intermediate-Path Performance Monitoring Reference. Far-end IPPM is not supported. However, SONET path PMs can be monitored by logging into the far-end node directly.

Table 13-2 Near-End Section PMs for the EC1 Card
Parameter	Definition
CV-S	Section Coding Violation (CV-S) is a count of BIP errors detected at the section-layer (i.e. using the B1 byte in the incoming SONET signal). Up to eight section BIP errors can be detected per STS-N frame; each error increments the current CV-S second register.
ES-S	Section Errored Seconds (ES-S) is a count of the number of seconds when at least one section-layer BIP error was detected or an SEF or loss of signal (LOS) defect was present.
SES-S	Section Severely Errored Seconds (SES-S) is a count of the seconds when K (see GR-253-CORE for value) or more section-layer BIP errors were detected or a severely errored frame (SEF) or LOS defect was present.
SEFS-S	Section Severely Errored Framing Seconds (SEFS-S) is a count of the seconds when an SEF defect was present. An SEF defect is expected during most seconds where an LOS or loss of frame (LOF) defect is present. However, there may be situations when that is not the case, and the SEFS-S parameter is only incremented based on the presence of the SEF defect.

Table 13-3 Near-End Line Layer PMs for the EC1 Card
Parameter	Definition
CV-L	Near-End Line Code Violation (CV-L) is a count of BIP errors detected at the line-layer (i.e. using the B2 bytes in the incoming SONET signal). Up to 8 x N BIP errors can be detected per STS-N frame, with each error incrementing the current CV-L second register.
ES-L	Near-End Line Errored Seconds (ES-L) is a count of the seconds when at least one line-layer BIP error was detected or an alarm indication signal-line (AIS-L) defect was present.
SES-L	Near-End Line Severely Errored Seconds (SES-L) is a count of the seconds when K (see GR-253 for values) or more line-layer BIP errors were detected or an AIS-L defect was present.
UAS-L	Near-End Line Unavailable Seconds (UAS-L) is a count of the seconds when the line is unavailable. A line becomes unavailable when ten consecutive seconds occur that qualify as SES-Ls, and the line continues to be unavailable until ten consecutive seconds occur that do not qualify as SES-Ls.
FC-L	Near-End Line Failure Count (FC-L) is a count of the number of near-end line failure events. A failure event begins when an AIS-L failure or a lower-layer, traffic-related, near-end failure is declared. This failure event ends when the failure is cleared. A failure event that begins in one period and ends in another period is counted only in the period where it begins.

Table 13-4 Near-End SONET Path PMs for the EC1 Card
Parameter	Definition
Note SONET path PMs will not count unless IPPM is enabled. For additional information, see Intermediate-Path Performance Monitoring Reference. Far-end IPPM is not supported. However, SONET path PMs can be monitored by logging into the far-end node directly.
STS CV-P	Near-End STS Path Coding Violations (CV-P) is a count of BIP errors detected at the STS path layer (i.e., using the B3 byte). Up to eight BIP errors can be detected per frame; each error increments the current CV-P second register.
STS ES-P	Near-End STS Path Errored Seconds (ES-P) is a count of the seconds when at least one STS path BIP error was detected. STS ES-P can also be caused by an AIS-P defect (or a lower-layer, traffic-related, near-end defect) or an LOP-P defect.
STS FC-P	Near-End STS Path Failure Counts (FC-P) is a count of the number of near-end STS path failure events. A failure event begins when an AIS-P failure, an LOP-P failure, a unequipped path (UNEQ-P) or a trace identifier mismatch (TIM-P) failure is declared. A failure event also begins if the STS PTE monitoring the path supports ERDI-P for that path. The failure event ends when these failures are cleared.
STS SES-P	Near-End STS Path Severely Errored Seconds (SES-P) is a count of the seconds when K (2400) or more STS path BIP errors were detected. STS SES-P can also be caused by an AIS-P defect (or a lower-layer, traffic-related, near-end defect) or an LOP-P defect.
STS UAS-P	Near-End STS Path Unavailable Seconds (UAS-P) is a count of the seconds when the STS path was unavailable. An STS path becomes unavailable when ten consecutive seconds occur that qualify as SES-Ps, and it continues to be unavailable until ten consecutive seconds occur that do not qualify as SES-Ps.

Table 13-5 Near-End SONET Path BIP PMs for the EC1 Card
Parameter	Definition
Note On CTC, the count fields for PPJC and NPJC PMs appear white and blank unless they are enabled on the Provisioning > Line tabs.
PPJC-Pdet	Positive Pointer Justification Count, STS Path Detected (PPJC-Pdet) is a count of the positive pointer justifications detected on a particular path in an incoming SONET signal.
NPJC-Pdet	Negative Pointer Justification Count, STS Path Detected (NPJC-Pdet) is a count of the negative pointer justifications detected on a particular path in an incoming SONET signal.
PPJC-Pgen	Positive Pointer Justification Count, STS Path Generated (PPJC-Pgen) is a count of the positive pointer justifications generated for a particular path to reconcile the frequency of the SPE with the local clock.
NPJC-Pgen	Negative Pointer Justification Count, STS Path Generated (NPJC-Pgen) is a count of the negative pointer justifications generated for a particular path to reconcile the frequency of the synchronous payload envelope (SPE) with the local clock.

Table 13-6 Far-End Line Layer PMs for the EC-1 Card
Parameter	Definition
CV-L	Far-End Line Code Violation (CV-L) is a count of BIP errors detected by the far-end line terminating equipment (LTE) and reported back to the near-end LTE using the REI-L indication in the line overhead. For SONET signals at rates below OC-48, up to 8 x N BIP errors per STS-N frame can be indicated using the REI-L. For OC-48 signals, up to 255 BIP errors per STS-N frame can be indicated. The current CV-L second register is incremented for each BIP error indicated by the incoming REI-L.
ES-L	Far-End Line Errored Seconds (ES-L) is a count of the seconds when at least one line-layer BIP error was reported by the far-end LTE or an RDI-L defect was present.
SES-L	Far-End Line Severely Errored Seconds (SES-L) is a count of the seconds when K (see GR-253-CORE for values) or more line-layer BIP errors were reported by the far-end LTE or an RDI-L defect was present.
UAS-L	Far-End Line Unavailable Seconds (UAS-L) is a count of the seconds when the line is unavailable at the far end. A line becomes unavailable at the far end when ten consecutive seconds occur that qualify as SES-LFEs and it continues to be unavailable until ten consecutive seconds occur that do not qualify as SES-LFEs.
FC-L	Far-End Line Failure Count (FC-L) is a count of the number of far-end line failure events. A failure event begins when RFI-L failure is declared, and it ends when the RFI-L failure clears. A failure event that begins in one period and ends in another period is counted only in the period where it began.

13.4.2 DS1 and DS1N Card Performance Monitoring Parameters

Figure 13-7 shows the signal types that support far-end PMs. Far-end VT and STS path performance monitoring is supported for the DS1 card. Far-end DS1 path performance monitoring is not supported for the DS1 card. Figure 13-8 shows where overhead bytes detected on the ASICs produce performance monitoring parameters for the DS1 and DS1N cards.

Note The XX in the illustration above represents all PMs listed below with the given prefix and/or suffix.

Table 13-7 DS1 Line PMs for the DS1 and DS1N Cards
Parameter	Definition
DS1 CV-L	Code Violation Line (CV-L) indicates the number of coding violations occurring on the line. This parameter is a count of bipolar violations (BPVs) and excessive zeros (EXZs) occurring over the accumulation period.
DS1 ES-L	Errored Seconds Line (ES-L) is a count of the seconds containing one or more anomalies (BPV + EXZ) and/or defects (loss of signal) on the line.
DS1 SES-L	Severely Errored Seconds Line (SES-L) is a count of the seconds containing more than a particular quantity of anomalies (BPV + EXZ > 1544) and/or defects on the line.
DS1 LOSS-L	Loss of Signal Seconds Line (LOSS-L) is a count of one-second intervals containing one or more LOS defects.

Table 13-8 DS1 Receive Path PMs for the DS1 and DS1N Cards
Parameter	Definition
Note Under the Provisioning > Threshold tab, the DS1 and DS1N cards have user-defined thresholds for the DS1 receive (Rx) path PMs. In the Threshold tab they are displayed as CV, ES, SES, UAS, AISS, and SAS without the Rx prefix.
DS1 Rx AISS-P	Receive Path Alarm Indication Signal (Rx AIS-P) means an alarm indication signal occurred on the receive end of the path. This parameter is a count of seconds containing one or more AIS defects.
DS1 Rx CV-P	Receive Path Code Violation (Rx CV-P) means a coding violation occurred on the receive end of the path. For DS1-ESF paths, this parameter is a count of detected CRC-6 errors. For the DS1-SF paths, the Rx CV-P parameter is a count of detected frame bit errors (FE).
DS1 Rx ES-P	Receive Path Errored Seconds (Rx ES-P) is a count of the seconds containing one or more anomalies and/or defects for paths on the receive end of the signal. For DS1-ESF paths, this parameter is a count of one-second intervals containing one or more CRC-6 errors, or one or more CS events, or one or more SEF or AIS defects. For DS1-SF paths, the Rx ES-P parameter is a count of one-second intervals containing one or more FE events, or one or more CS events, or one or more SEF or AIS defects.
DS1 Rx SAS-P	Receive Path Severely Errored Seconds Frame/Alarm Indication Signal (Rx SAS-P) is a count of one-second intervals containing one or more SEFs or one or more AIS defects on the receive end of the signal.
DS1 Rx SES-P	Receive Path Severely Errored Seconds (Rx SES-P) is a count of the seconds containing more than a particular quantity of anomalies and/or defects for paths on the receive end of the signal. For the DS1-ESF paths, this parameter is a count of seconds when 320 or more CRC-6 errors or one or more SEF or AIS defects occurred. For DS1-SF paths, an SES is a second containing either the occurrence of four FEs or one or more SEF or AIS defects.
DS1 Rx UAS-P	Receive Path Unavailable Seconds (Rx UAS-P) is a count of one-second intervals when the DS1 path is unavailable on the receive end of the signal. The DS1 path is unavailable when ten consecutive SESs occur. The ten SESs are included in unavailable time. Once unavailable, the DS1 path becomes available when ten consecutive seconds occur with no SESs. The ten seconds with no SESs are excluded from unavailable time.

Table 13-9 DS1 Transmit Path PMs for the DS1 and DS1N Cards
Parameter	Definition
Note Under the Performance tab, the displayed DS1 Tx path PM values are based on calculations performed by the card and therefore have no user-defined thresholds.
DS1 Tx AISS-P	Transmit Path Alarm Indication Signal (Tx AIS-P) means an alarm indication signal occurred on the transmit end of the path. This parameter is a count of seconds containing one or more AIS defects.
DS1 Tx CV-P	Transmit Path Code Violation (Tx CV-P) means a coding violation occurred on the transmit end of the path. For DS1-ESF paths, this parameter is a count of detected CRC-6 errors. For the DS1-SF paths, the Tx CV-P parameter is a count of detected FEs.
DS1 Tx ES-P	Transmit Path Errored Seconds (Tx ES-P) is a count of the seconds containing one or more anomalies and/or defects for paths on the transmit end of the signal. For DS1-ESF paths, this parameter is a count of one-second intervals containing one or more CRC-6 errors, or one or more CS events, or one or more SEF or AIS defects. For DS1-SF paths, the Tx ES-P parameter is a count of one-second intervals containing one or more FE events, or one or more CS events, or one or more SEF or AIS defects.
DS1 Tx SAS-P	Transmit Path Severely Errored Seconds Frame/Alarm Indication Signal (Tx SAS-P) is a count of one-second intervals containing one or more SEFs or one or more AIS defects on the receive end of the signal.
DS1 Tx SES-P	Transmit Path Severely Errored Seconds (Tx SES-P) is a count of the seconds containing more than a particular quantity of anomalies and/or defects for paths on the transmit end of the signal. For the DS1-ESF paths, this parameter is a count of seconds when 320 or more CRC-6 errors or one or more SEF or AIS defects occurred. For DS1-SF paths, an SES is a second containing either the occurrence of four FEs or one or more SEF or AIS defects.
DS1 Tx UAS-P	Transmit Path Unavailable Seconds (Tx UAS-P) is a count of one-second intervals when the DS1 path is unavailable on the transmit end of the signal. The DS1 path is unavailable when ten consecutive SESs occur. The ten SESs are included in unavailable time. Once unavailable, the DS1 path becomes available when ten consecutive seconds occur with no SESs. The ten seconds with no SESs are excluded from unavailable time.

Table 13-10 VT Path PMs for the DS1 and DS1N Cards
Parameter	Definition
CV-V	Code Violation VT Layer (CV-V) is a count of the BIP errors detected at the VT path layer. Up to two BIP errors can be detected per VT superframe, with each error incrementing the current CV-V second register.
ES-V	Errored Seconds VT Layer (ES-V) is a count of the seconds when at least one VT Path BIP error was detected. An AIS-V defect (or a lower-layer, traffic-related, near-end defect) or an LOP-V defect can also cause an ES-V.
SES-V	Severely Errored Seconds VT Layer (SES-V) is a count of seconds when K (600) or more VT Path BIP errors were detected. SES-V can also be caused by an AIS-V defect (or a lower-layer, traffic-related, near-end defect) or an LOP-V defect.
UAS-V	Unavailable Second VT Layer (UAS-V) is a count of the seconds when the VT path was unavailable. A VT path becomes unavailable when ten consecutive seconds occur that qualify as SES-Vs, and it continues to be unavailable until ten consecutive seconds occur that do not qualify as SES-Vs.

Table 13-11 SONET Path PMs for the DS1 and DS1N Cards
Parameter	Definition
STS CV-P	Near-End STS Path Coding Violations (CV-P) is a count of BIP errors detected at the STS path layer (i.e., using the B3 byte). Up to eight BIP errors can be detected per frame, with each error incrementing the current CV-P second register.
STS ES-P	Near-End STS Path Errored Seconds (ES-P) is a count of the seconds when at least one STS path BIP error was detected. An AIS-P defect (or a lower-layer, traffic-related, near-end defect) or an LOP-P defect can also cause an STS ES-P.
STS FC-P	Near-End STS Path Failure Counts (FC-P) is a count of the number of near-end STS path failure events. A failure event begins when an AIS-P failure, an LOP-P failure, a UNEQ-P, or a TIM-P failure is declared. A failure event also begins if the STS PTE that is monitoring the path supports ERDI-P for that path. The failure event ends when these failures are cleared.
STS SES-P	Near-End STS Path Severely Errored Seconds (SES-P) is a count of the seconds when K (2400) or more STS path BIP errors were detected. An AIS-P defect (or a lower-layer, traffic-related, near-end defect) or an LOP-P defect can also cause an STS SES-P.
STS UAS-P	Near-End STS Path Unavailable Seconds (UAS-P) is a count of the seconds when the STS path was unavailable. An STS path becomes unavailable when ten consecutive seconds occur that qualify as SES-Ps, and it continues to be unavailable until ten consecutive seconds occur that do not qualify as SES-Ps.

Table 13-12 Far-End VT Path PMs for the DS1 Card
Parameter	Definition
CV-V	Far-End VT Path Coding Violations (CV-VFE) is a count of the number of BIP errors detected by the far-end VT path terminating equipment (PTE) and reported back to the near-end VT PTE using the REI-V indication in the VT path overhead. Only one BIP error can be indicated per VT superframe using the REI-V bit. The current CV-VFE second register is incremented for each BIP error indicated by the incoming REI-V.
ES-V	Far-End VT Path Errored Seconds (ES-VFE) is a count of the seconds when at least one VT path BIP error was reported by the far-end VT PTE, or a one-bit RDI-V defect was present.
SES-V	Far-End VT Path Severely Errored Seconds (SES-VFE) is a count of the seconds when K (600) or more VT path BIP errors were reported by the far-end VT PTE or a one-bit RDI-V defect was present.
UAS-V	Far-End VT Path Unavailable Seconds (UAS-VFE) is a count of the seconds when the VT path is unavailable at the far-end. A VT path is unavailable at the far-end when ten consecutive seconds occur that qualify as SES-VFEs.

13.4.3 DS3 and DS3N Card Performance Monitoring Parameters

Figure 13-9 shows the signal types that support far-end PMs. Figure 13-10 shows where overhead bytes detected on the ASICs produce performance monitoring parameters for the DS3 and DS3N cards.

Note The XX in the illustration above represents all PMs listed below with the given prefix and/or suffix.

Table 13-13 Near-End DS3 Line PMs for the DS3 and DS3N Cards
Parameter	Definition
DS3 CV-L	Code Violation Line (CV-L) indicates the number of coding violations occurring on the line. This parameter is a count of bipolar violations (BPVs) and excessive zeros (EXZs) occurring over the accumulation period.
DS3 ES-L	Errored Seconds Line (ES-L) is a count of the seconds containing one or more anomalies (BPV + EXZ) and/or defects (loss of signal) on the line.
DS3 SES-L	Severely Errored Seconds Line (SES-L) is a count of the seconds containing more than a particular quantity of anomalies (BPV + EXZ > 44) and/or defects on the line.
DS3 LOSS-L	Line Loss of Signal (LOSS-L) is a count of one-second intervals containing one or more LOS defects.

Table 13-14 Near-End DS3 Path PMs for the DS3 and DS3N Cards
Parameter	Definition
DS3 ES-P	Errored Seconds-Path (ES-P) is a count of one-second intervals containing one or more CRC-6 errors, or one or more CS events, or one or more SEF or AIS defects.
DS3 SES-P	Severely Errored Seconds-Path (SES-P) is a count of seconds where 320 or more CRC-6 errors occur or one or more SEF or AIS defects occur.
DS3 SAS-P	Severely Errored Frame/Alarm Indication Signal-Path (SAS-P) is a count of seconds containing one or more SEFs or one or more AIS defects.
DS3 AISS-P	Alarm Indication Signal Seconds-Path (AISS-P) is a count of seconds containing one or more AIS defects.
DS3 UAS-P	Unavailable Seconds-Path (UAS-P) is a count of one-second intervals during which the DS3 path is unavailable.

Table 13-15 Near-End SONET Path PMs for the DS3 and DS3N Cards
Parameter	Definition
STS CV-P	Near-End STS Path Coding Violations (CV-P) is a count of BIP errors detected at the STS path layer (i.e., using the B3 byte). Up to eight BIP errors can be detected per frame; each error increments the current CV-P second register.
STS ES-P	Near-End STS Path Errored Seconds (ES-P) is a count of the seconds when at least one STS path BIP error was detected. An AIS-P defect (or a lower-layer, traffic-related, near-end defect) or an LOP-P defect can also cause an STS ES-P.
STS FC-P	Near-End STS Path Failure Counts (FC-P) is a count of the number of near-end STS path failure events. A failure event begins when an AIS-P failure, an LOP-P failure, a UNEQ-P, or a TIM-P failure is declared. A failure event also begins if the STS PTE that is monitoring the path supports ERDI-P for that path. The failure event ends when these failures are cleared.
STS SES-P	Near-End STS Path Severely Errored Seconds (SES-P) is a count of the seconds when K (2400) or more STS path BIP errors were detected. An AIS-P defect (or a lower-layer, traffic-related, near-end defect) or an LOP-P defect can also cause an STS SES-P.
STS UAS-P	Near-End STS Path Unavailable Seconds (UAS-P) is a count of the seconds when the STS path was unavailable. An STS path becomes unavailable when ten consecutive seconds occur that qualify as SES-Ps, and it continues to be unavailable until ten consecutive seconds occur that do not qualify as SES-Ps.

13.4.4 DS3-12E and DS3N-12E Card Performance Monitoring Parameters

Figure 13-11 shows the signal types that support far-end PMs. Figure 13-12 shows where overhead bytes detected on the ASICs produce performance monitoring parameters for the DS3-12E and DS3N-12E cards.

Note The XX in the illustration above represents all PMs listed below with the given prefix and/or suffix.

Table 13-16 Near-End DS3 Line PMs for the DS3-12E and DS3N-12E Cards
Parameter	Definition
DS3 CV-L	Code Violation Line (CV-L) indicates the number of coding violations occurring on the line. This parameter is a count of bipolar violations (BPVs) and excessive zeros (EXZs) occurring over the accumulation period.
DS3 ES-L	Errored Seconds Line (ES-L) is a count of the seconds containing one or more anomalies (BPV + EXZ) and/or defects (i.e. loss of signal) on the line.
DS3 SES-L	Severely Errored Seconds Line (SES-L) is a count of the seconds containing more than a particular quantity of anomalies (BPV + EXZ > 44) and/or defects on the line.
DS3 LOSS-L	Line Loss of Signal (LOSS-L) is a count of one-second intervals containing one or more LOS defects.

Table 13-17 Near-End P-bit Path PMs for the DS3-12E and DS3N-12E Cards
Parameter	Definition
DS3 AISS-P	AIS Seconds Path (AISS-P) is a count of one-second intervals containing one or more AIS defects.
DS3 CVP-P	Code Violation Path (CVP-P) is a code violation parameter for M23 applications. CVP-P is a count of P-bit parity errors occurring in the accumulation period.
DS3 ESP-P	Errored Second Path (ESP-P) is a count of seconds containing one or more P-bit parity errors, one or more SEF defects, or one or more AIS defects.
DS3 SASP-P	SEF/AIS Seconds Path (SASP-P) is a count of one-second intervals containing one or more SEFs or one or more AIS defects on the path.
DS3 SESP-P	Severely Errored Seconds Path (DS3 SESP-P) is a count of seconds containing more than 44 P-bit parity violations, one or more SEF defects, or one or more AIS defects.
DS3 UASP-P	Unavailable Second Path (DS3 UASP-P) is a count of one-second intervals when the DS3 path is unavailable. A DS3 path becomes unavailable when ten consecutive SESP-Ps occur. The ten SESP-Ps are included in unavailable time. Once unavailable, the DS3 path becomes available when ten consecutive seconds with no SESP-Ps occur. The ten seconds with no SESP-Ps are excluded from unavailable time.

Table 13-18 Near-End CP-bit Path PMs for the DS3-12E and DS3N-12E Cards
Parameter	Definition
DS3 CVCP-P	Code Violation Path (CVCP-P) is a count of CP-bit parity errors occurring in the accumulation period.
DS3 ESCP-P	Errored Second Path (ESCP-P) is a count of seconds containing one or more CP-bit parity errors, one or more SEF defects, or one or more AIS defects. ESCP-P is defined for the C-bit parity application.
DS3 SESCP-P	Severely Errored Seconds Path (SESCP-P) is a count of seconds containing more than 44 CP-bit parity errors, one or more SEF defects, or one or more AIS defects.
DS3 UASCP-P	Unavailable Second Path (UASCP-P) is a count of one-second intervals when the DS3 path is unavailable. A DS3 path becomes unavailable when ten consecutive SESCP-Ps occur. The ten SESCP-Ps are included in unavailable time. Once unavailable, the DS3 path becomes available when ten consecutive seconds with no SESCP-Ps occur. The ten seconds with no SESCP-Ps are excluded from unavailable time.

Table 13-19 Near-End SONET Path PMs for the DS3-12E and DS3N-12E Cards
Parameter	Definition
STS CV-P	Near-End STS Path Coding Violations (CV-P) is a count of BIP errors detected at the STS path layer (i.e., using the B3 byte). Up to eight BIP errors can be detected per frame; each error increments the current CV-P second register.
STS ES-P	Near-End STS Path Errored Seconds (ES-P) is a count of the seconds when at least one STS path BIP error was detected. An AIS-P defect (or a lower-layer, traffic-related, near-end defect) or an LOP-P defect can also cause an STS ES-P.
STS FC-P	Near-End STS Path Failure Counts (FC-P) is a count of the number of near-end STS path failure events. A failure event begins when an AIS-P failure, an LOP-P failure, a UNEQ-P, or a TIM-P failure is declared. A failure event also begins if the STS PTE that is monitoring the path supports ERDI-P for that path. The failure event ends when these failures are cleared.
STS SES-P	Near-End STS Path Severely Errored Seconds (SES-P) is a count of the seconds when K (2400) or more STS path BIP errors were detected. An AIS-P defect (or a lower-layer, traffic-related, near-end defect) or an LOP-P defect can also cause an STS SES-P.
STS UAS-P	Near-End STS Path Unavailable Seconds (UAS-P) is a count of the seconds when the STS path was unavailable. An STS path becomes unavailable when ten consecutive seconds occur that qualify as SES-Ps, and continues to be unavailable until ten consecutive seconds occur that do not qualify as SES-Ps.

Table 13-20 Far-End CP-bit Path PMs for the DS3-12E and DS3N-12E Cards
Parameter	Definition
DS3 CVCP-P	Code Violation (CVCP-PFE) is a parameter that is counted when the three far-end block error (FEBE) bits in a M-frame are not all collectively set to 1.
DS3 ESCP-P	Errored Second (ESCP-PFE) is a count of one-second intervals containing one or more M-frames with the three FEBE bits not all collectively set to 1 or one or more far-end SEF/AIS defects.
DS3 SASCP-P	SEF/AIS Second (SASCP-PFE) is a count of one-second intervals containing one or more far-end SEF/AIS defects.
DS3 SESCP-P	Severely Errored Second (SESCP-PFE) is a count of one-second intervals containing one or more 44 M-frames with the three FEBE bits not all collectively set to 1 or one or more far-end SEF/AIS defects.
DS3 UASCP-P	Unavailable Second (UASCP-PFE) is a count of one-second intervals when the DS3 path becomes unavailable. A DS3 path becomes unavailable when ten consecutive far-end CP-bit SESs occur. The ten CP-bit SESs are included in unavailable time. Once unavailable, the DS3 path becomes available when ten consecutive seconds occur with no CP-bit SESs. The ten seconds with no CP-bit SESs are excluded from unavailable time.

13.4.5 DS3XM-6 Card Performance Monitoring Parameters

Figure 13-13 shows the signal types that support far-end PMs. Figure 13-14 shows where overhead bytes detected on the ASICs produce performance monitoring parameters for the DS3XM-6 card.

Note The XX in the illustration above represents all PMs listed below with the given prefix and/or suffix.

Table 13-21 Near-End DS3 Line PMs for the DS3XM-6 Card
Parameter	Definition
DS3 CV-L	Code Violation Line (CV-L) indicates the number of coding violations occurring on the line. This parameter is a count of bipolar violations (BPVs) and excessive zeros (EXZs) occurring over the accumulation period.
DS3 ES-L	Errored Seconds Line (ES-L) is a count of the seconds containing one or more anomalies (BPV + EXZ) and/or defects (i.e. LOS) on the line.
DS3 SES-L	Severely Errored Seconds Line (SES-L) is a count of the seconds containing more than a particular quantity of anomalies (BPV + EXZ > 44) and/or defects on the line.
DS3 LOSS-L	Line Loss of Signal (LOSS-L) is a count of one-second intervals containing one or more LOS defects.

Table 13-22 Near-End P-bit Path PMs for the DS3XM-6 Card
Parameter	Definition
DS3 AISS-P	AIS Seconds Path (AISS-P) is a count of one-second intervals containing one or more AIS defects.
DS3 CVP-P	Code Violation Path (CVP-P) is a code violation parameter for M23 applications. CVP-P is a count of P-bit parity errors occurring in the accumulation period.
DS3 ESP-P	Errored Second Path (ESP-P) is a count of seconds containing one or more P-bit parity errors, one or more SEF defects, or one or more AIS defects.
DS3 SASP-P	SEF/AIS Seconds Path (SASP-P) is a count of one-second intervals containing one or more SEFs or one or more AIS defects on the path.
DS3 SESP-P	Severely Errored Seconds Path (SESP-P) is a count of seconds containing more than 44 P-bit parity violations, one or more SEF defects, or one or more AIS defects.
DS3 UASP-P	Unavailable Second Path (UASP-P) is a count of one-second intervals when the DS3 path is unavailable. A DS3 path becomes unavailable when ten consecutive SESP-Ps occur. The ten SESP-Ps are included in unavailable time. Once unavailable, the DS3 path becomes available when ten consecutive seconds with no SESP-Ps occur. The ten seconds with no SESP-Ps are excluded from unavailable time.

Table 13-23 Near-End CP-bit Path PMs for the DS3XM-6 Card
Parameter	Definition
DS3 CVCP-P	Code Violation Path (CVCP-P) is a count of CP-bit parity errors occurring in the accumulation period.
DS3 ESCP-P	Errored Second Path (ESCP-P) is a count of seconds containing one or more CP-bit parity errors, one or more SEF defects, or one or more AIS defects.
DS3 SASCP-P	SEF/AIS Second (SASCP-PFE) is a count of one-second intervals containing one or more near-end SEF/AIS defects.
DS3 SESCP-P	Severely Errored Seconds Path (SESCP-P) is a count of seconds containing more than 44 CP-bit parity errors, one or more SEF defects, or one or more AIS defects.
DS3 UASCP-P	Unavailable Seconds Path (DS3 UASCP-P) is a count of one-second intervals when the DS3 path is unavailable. A DS3 path becomes unavailable when ten consecutive SESCP-Ps occur. The ten SESCP-Ps are included in unavailable time. Once unavailable, the DS3 path becomes available when ten consecutive seconds with no SESCP-Ps occur. The ten seconds with no SESCP-Ps are excluded from unavailable time.

Table 13-24 Near-End DS1 Path PMs for the DS3XM-6 Card
Parameter	Definition
DS1 AISS-P	Alarm Indication Signal Path (AIS-P) means an AIS occurred on the path. This parameter is a count of seconds containing one or more AIS defects.
DS1 ES-P	Errored Seconds Path (ES-P) is a count of the seconds containing one or more anomalies and/or defects for paths. For DS1-ESF paths, this parameter is a count of one-second intervals containing one or more CRC-6 errors, or one or more CS events, or one or more SEF or AIS defects. For DS1-SF paths, the ES-P parameter is a count of one-second intervals containing one or more FE events, or one or more CS events, or one or more SEF or AIS defects.
DS1 SAS-P	Severely Errored Seconds Path Frame/Alarm Indication Signal (SAS-P) is a count of one-second intervals containing one or more SEFs or one or more AIS defects.
DS1 SES-P	Severely Errored Seconds Path (SES-P) is a count of the seconds containing more than a particular quantity of anomalies and/or defects for paths. For the DS1-ESF paths, this parameter is a count of seconds when 320 or more CRC-6 errors or one or more SEF or AIS defects occurs. For DS1-SF paths, an SES is a second containing either the occurrence of eight FEs, four FEs, or one or more SEF or AIS defects.
DS1 UAS-P	Unavailable Seconds Path (UAS-P) is a count of one-second intervals when the DS1 path is unavailable. The DS1 path is unavailable when ten consecutive SESs occur. The ten SESs are included in unavailable time. Once unavailable, the DS1 path becomes available when ten consecutive seconds occur with no SESs. The ten seconds with no SESs are excluded from unavailable time.

Table 13-25 Near-End VT PMs for the DS3XM-6 Card
Parameter	Definition
CV-V	Code Violation VT Layer (CV-V) is a count of the BIP errors detected at the VT path layer. Up to two BIP errors can be detected per VT superframe; each error increments the current CV-V second register.
ES-V	Errored Seconds VT Layer (ES-V) is a count of the seconds when at least one VT Path BIP error was detected. An AIS-V defect (or a lower-layer, traffic-related, near-end defect) or an LOP-V defect can also cause ES-V.
SES-V	Severely Errored Seconds VT Layer (SES-V) is a count of seconds when K (600) or more VT Path BIP errors were detected. An AIS-V defect (or a lower-layer, traffic-related, near-end defect) or an LOP-V defect can also cause SES-V.
UAS-V	Unavailable Seconds VT Layer (UAS-V) is a count of the seconds when the VT path was unavailable. A VT path becomes unavailable when ten consecutive seconds occur that qualify as SES-Vs and continues to be unavailable until ten consecutive seconds occur that do not qualify as SES-Vs.

Table 13-26 Near-End SONET Path PMs for the DS3XM-6 Card
Parameter	Definition
STS CV-P	Near-End STS Path Coding Violations (CV-P) is a count of BIP errors detected at the STS path layer (i.e., using the B3 byte). Up to eight BIP errors can be detected per frame; each error increments the current CV-P second register.
STS ES-P	Near-End STS Path Errored Seconds (ES-P) is a count of the seconds when at least one STS path BIP error was detected. An AIS-P defect (or a lower-layer, traffic-related, near-end defect) or an LOP-P defect can also cause an STS ES-P.
STS FC-P	Near-End STS Path Failure Counts (FC-P) is a count of the number of near-end STS path failure events. A failure event begins when an AIS-P failure, an LOP-P failure, a UNEQ-P, or a TIM-P failure is declared. A failure event also begins if the STS PTE that is monitoring the path supports ERDI-P for that path. The failure event ends when these failures are cleared.
STS SES-P	Near-End STS Path Severely Errored Seconds (SES-P) is a count of the seconds when K (2400) or more STS path BIP errors were detected. An AIS-P defect (or a lower-layer, traffic-related, near-end defect) or an LOP-P defect can also cause an STS SES-P.
STS UAS-P	Near-End STS Path Unavailable Seconds (UAS-P) is a count of the seconds when the STS path was unavailable. An STS path becomes unavailable when ten consecutive seconds occur that qualify as SES-Ps, and it continues to be unavailable until ten consecutive seconds occur that do not qualify as SES-Ps.

Table 13-27 Far-End CP-bit Path PMs for the DS3XM-6 Card
Parameter	Definition
DS3 CVCP-P	Code Violation (CVCP-PFE) is a parameter that is counted when the three FEBE bits in a M-frame are not all collectively set to 1.
DS3 ESCP-P	Errored Second (ESCP-PFE) is a count of one-second intervals containing one or more M-frames with the three FEBE bits not all collectively set to 1 or one or more far-end SEF/AIS defects.
DS3 SASCP-P	SEF/AIS Second (SASCP-PFE) is a count of one-second intervals containing one or more far-end SEF/AIS defects.
DS3 SESCP-P	Severely Errored Second (SESCP-PFE) is a count of one-second intervals containing one or more 44 M-frames with the three FEBE bits not all collectively set to 1 or one or more far-end SEF/AIS defects.
DS3 UASCP-P	Unavailable Second (UASCP-PFE) is a count of one-second intervals when the DS3 path becomes unavailable. A DS3 path becomes unavailable when ten consecutive far-end CP-bit SESs occur. The ten CP-bit SESs are included in unavailable time. Once unavailable, the DS3 path becomes available when ten consecutive seconds with no CP-bit SESs occur. The ten seconds with no CP-bit SESs are excluded from unavailable time.

Table 13-28 Far-End VT PMs for the DS3XM-6 Card
Parameter	Definition
CV-V	Code Violation VT Layer (CV-V) is a count of the BIP errors detected at the VT path layer. Up to two BIP errors can be detected per VT superframe; each error increments the current CV-V second register.
ES-V	Errored Seconds VT Layer (ES-V) is a count of the seconds when at least one VT Path BIP error was detected. An AIS-V defect (or a lower-layer, traffic-related, near-end defect) or an LOP-V defect can also cause an ES-V.
SES-V	Severely Errored Seconds VT Layer (SES-V) is a count of seconds when K (600) or more VT Path BIP errors were detected. An AIS-V defect (or a lower-layer, traffic-related, near-end defect) or an LOP-V defect can also cause an SES-V.
UAS-V	Unavailable Second VT Layer (UAS-V) is a count of the seconds when the VT path was unavailable. A VT path becomes unavailable when ten consecutive seconds occur that qualify as SES-Vs and continues to be unavailable until ten consecutive seconds occur that do not qualify as SES-Vs.

13.5 Performance Monitoring for Optical Cards

The following sections define performance monitoring parameters and definitions for the OC-3, OC-12, OC-48, and OC-192.

13.5.1 OC-3 Card Performance Monitoring Parameters

Figure 13-15 shows where overhead bytes detected on the ASICs produce performance monitoring parameters for the OC-3 card.

Note For PM locations relating to protection switch counts, see the GR-253-CORE document.

Table 13-29 Near-End Section PMs for the OC-3 Card
Parameter	Definition
CV-S	Section Coding Violation (CV-S) is a count of BIP errors detected at the section-layer (i.e. using the B1 byte in the incoming SONET signal). Up to eight section BIP errors can be detected per STS-N frame, with each error incrementing the current CV-S second register.
ES-S	Section Errored Seconds (ES-S) is a count of the number of seconds when at least one section-layer BIP error was detected or an SEF or LOS defect was present.
SES-S	Section Severely Errored Seconds (SES-S) is a count of the seconds when K (see GR-253 for value) or more section-layer BIP errors were detected or an SEF or LOS defect was present.
SEFS-S	Section Severely Errored Framing Seconds (SEFS-S) is a count of the seconds when an SEF defect was present. An SEF defect is expected to be present during most seconds when an LOS or LOF defect is present. However, there can be situations when the SEFS-S parameter is only incremented based on the presence of the SEF defect.

Table 13-30 Near-End Line Layer PMs for the OC-3 Card
Parameter	Definition
CV-L	Near-End Line Code Violation (CV-L) is a count of BIP errors detected at the line-layer (i.e. using the B2 bytes in the incoming SONET signal). Up to 8 x N BIP errors can be detected per STS-N frame; each error increments the current CV-L second register.
ES-L	Near-End Line Errored Seconds (ES-L) is a count of the seconds when at least one line-layer BIP error was detected or an AIS-L defect was present.
SES-L	Near-End Line Severely Errored Seconds (SES-L) is a count of the seconds when K (see GR-253-CORE for values) or more line-layer BIP errors were detected or an AIS-L defect was present.
UAS-L	Near-End Line Unavailable Seconds (UAS-L) is a count of the seconds when the line is unavailable. A line becomes unavailable when ten consecutive seconds occur that qualify as SES-Ls, and it continues to be unavailable until ten consecutive seconds occur that do not qualify as SES-Ls.
FC-L	Near-End Line Failure Count (FC-L) is a count of the number of near-end line failure events. A failure event begins when an AIS-L failure is declared or when a lower-layer traffic-related, near-end failure is declared. This failure event ends when the failure is cleared. A failure event that begins in one period and ends in another period is counted only in the period where it begins.

Table 13-31 Near-End Line Layer PMs for the OC-3 Cards
Parameter	Definition
For information about Troubleshooting UPSR switch counts, see the alarm troubleshooting information in the Cisco ONS 15454 Troubleshooting Guide. For information about creating circuits that perform a switch, see "Circuits and Tunnels."
PSC (1+1 protection)	In a 1 + 1 protection scheme for a working card, Protection Switching Count (PSC) is a count of the number of times service switches from a working card to a protection card plus the number of times service switches back to the working card. For a protection card, PSC is a count of the number of times service switches to a working card from a protection card plus the number of times service switches back to the protection card. The PSC PM is only applicable if revertive line-level protection switching is used. Note BLSR is not supported on the OC-3 card; therefore, the PSC-W, PSC-S, and PSC-R PMs do not increment.
PSD	Protection Switching Duration (PSD) applies to the length of time, in seconds, that service is carried on another line. For a working line, PSD is a count of the number of seconds that service was carried on the protection line. For the protection line, PSD is a count of the seconds that the line was used to carry service. The PSD PM is only applicable if revertive line-level protection switching is used. Note BLSR is not supported on the OC-3 card; therefore, the PSD-W, PSD-S, and PSD-R PMs do not increment.

Table 13-32 Near-End SONET Path H-byte PMs for the OC-3 Card
Parameter	Definition
Note On CTC, the count fields for PPJC and NPJC PMs appear white and blank unless they are enabled on the Provisioning > Line tabs.
PPJC-Pdet	Positive Pointer Justification Count, STS Path Detected (PPJC-Pdet) is a count of the positive pointer justifications detected on a particular path on an incoming SONET signal.
NPJC-Pdet	Negative Pointer Justification Count, STS Path Detected (NPJC-Pdet) is a count of the negative pointer justifications detected on a particular path on an incoming SONET signal.
PPJC-Pgen	Positive Pointer Justification Count, STS Path Generated (PPJC-Pgen) is a count of the positive pointer justifications generated for a particular path to reconcile the frequency of the SPE with the local clock.
NPJC-Pgen	Negative Pointer Justification Count, STS Path Generated (NPJC-Pgen) is a count of the negative pointer justifications generated for a particular path to reconcile the frequency of the synchronous payload envelope (SPE) with the local clock.

Table 13-33 Near-End SONET Path PMs for the OC-3 Card
Parameter	Definition
Note SONET path PMs will not count unless IPPM is enabled. For additional information, see Intermediate-Path Performance Monitoring Reference. Far-end IPPM is not supported. However, SONET path PMs can be monitored by logging into the far-end node directly.
STS CV-P	Near-End STS Path Coding Violations (CV-P) is a count of BIP errors detected at the STS path layer (i.e., using the B3 byte). Up to eight BIP errors can be detected per frame; each error increments the current CV-P second register.
STS ES-P	Near-End STS Path Errored Seconds (ES-P) is a count of the seconds when one or more STS path BIP errors were detected. An AIS-P defect (or a lower-layer, traffic-related, near-end defect) or an LOP-P defect can also cause an STS ES-P.
STS FC-P	Near-End STS Path Failure Counts (FC-P) is a count of the number of near-end STS path failure events. A failure event begins with an AIS-P failure, an LOP-P failure, a UNEQ-P failure, or a TIM-P failure is declared, or if the STS PTE that is monitoring the path supports ERDI-P for that path. The failure event ends when these failures are cleared.
STS SES-P	Near-End STS Path Severely Errored Seconds (SES-P) is a count of the seconds when K (2400) or more STS path BIP errors were detected. An AIS-P defect (or a lower-layer, traffic-related, near-end defect) or an LOP-P defect can also cause an STS SES-P.
STS UAS-P	Near-End STS Path Unavailable Seconds (UAS-P) is a count of the seconds when the STS path was unavailable. An STS path becomes unavailable when ten consecutive seconds occur that qualify as SES-Ps, and it continues to be unavailable until ten consecutive seconds occur that do not qualify as SES-Ps.

Table 13-34 Far-End Line Layer PMs for the OC-3 Card
Parameter	Definition
CV-L	Far-End Line Code Violation (CV-L) is a count of BIP errors detected by the far-end line terminating equipment (LTE) and reported back to the near-end LTE using the REI-L indication in the line overhead. For SONET signals at rates below OC-48, up to 8 x N BIP errors per STS-N frame can be indicated using the REI-L. For OC-48 signals, up to 255 BIP errors per STS-N frame can be indicated. The current CV-L second register is incremented for each BIP error indicated by the incoming REI-L.
ES-L	Far-End Line Errored Seconds (ES-L) is a count of the seconds when at least one line-layer BIP error was reported by the far-end LTE or an RDI-L defect was present.
SES-L	Far-End Line Severely Errored Seconds (SES-L) is a count of the seconds when K (see GR-253-CORE for values) or more line-layer BIP errors were reported by the far-end LTE or an RDI-L defect was present.
UAS-L	Far-End Line Unavailable Seconds (UAS-L) is a count of the seconds when the line is unavailable at the far end. A line becomes unavailable at the far end when ten consecutive seconds occur that qualify as SES-LFEs and it continues to be unavailable until ten consecutive seconds occur that do not qualify as SES-LFEs.
FC-L	Far-End Line Failure Count (FC-L) is a count of the number of far-end line failure events. A failure event begins when RFI-L failure is declared, and it ends when the RFI-L failure clears. A failure event that begins in one period and ends in another period is counted only in the period where it began.

13.5.2 OC-12 Card Performance Monitoring Parameters

Figure 13-16 shows the signal types that support far-end PMs. Figure 13-17 shows where overhead bytes detected on the ASICs produce performance monitoring parameters for the OC-12 card.

Note PMs on the protect STS are not supported for BLSR. The XX in the illustration above represents all PMs listed below with the given prefix and/or suffix.

Note For PM locations relating to protection switch counts, see the GR-1230-CORE document.

Table 13-35 Near-End Section PMs for the OC-12 Card
Parameter	Definition
CV-S	Section Coding Violation (CV-S) is a count of BIP errors detected at the section-layer (i.e. using the B1 byte in the incoming SONET signal). Up to eight section BIP errors can be detected per STS-N frame; each error increments the current CV-S second register.
ES-S	Section Errored Seconds (ES-S) is a count of the number of seconds when at least one section-layer BIP error was detected or an SEF or LOS defect was present.
SES-S	Section Severely Errored Seconds (SES-S) is a count of the seconds when K (see GR-253 for value) or more section-layer BIP errors were detected or an SEF or LOS defect was present.
SEFS-S	Section Severely Errored Framing Seconds (SEFS-S) is a count of the seconds when an SEF defect was present. An SEF defect is expected to be present during most seconds when an LOS or LOF defect is present. However, there may be situations when the SEFS-S parameter is only incremented based on the presence of an SEF defect.

Table 13-36 Near-End Line Layer PMs for the OC-12 Card
Parameter	Definition
CV-L	Near-End Line Code Violation (CV-L) is a count of BIP errors detected at the line-layer (i.e. using the B2 bytes in the incoming SONET signal). Up to 8 x N BIP errors can be detected per STS-N frame; each error increments the current CV-L second register.
ES-L	Near-End Line Errored Seconds (ES-L) is a count of the seconds when at least one line-layer BIP error was detected or an AIS-L defect was present.
SES-L	Near-End Line Severely Errored Seconds (SES-L) is a count of the seconds when K (see GR-253 for values) or more line-layer BIP errors were detected or an AIS-L defect was present.
UAS-L	Near-End Line Unavailable Seconds (UAS-L) is a count of the seconds when the line is unavailable. A line becomes unavailable when ten consecutive seconds occur that qualify as SES-Ls, and it continues to be unavailable until ten consecutive seconds occur that do not qualify as SES-Ls.
FC-L	Near-End Line Failure Count (FC-L) is a count of the number of near-end line failure events. A failure event begins when an AIS-L failure or a lower-layer traffic-related, near-end failure is declared. This failure event ends when the failure is cleared. A failure event that begins in one period and ends in another period is counted only in the period where it begins.

Table 13-37 Near-End SONET Path H-byte PMs for the OC-12 Card
Parameter	Definition
Note On CTC, the count fields for PPJC and NPJC PMs appear white and blank unless they are enabled on the Provisioning > Line tabs.
PPJC-Pdet	Positive Pointer Justification Count, STS Path Detected (PPJC-Pdet) is a count of the positive pointer justifications detected on a particular path on an incoming SONET signal.
NPJC-Pdet	Negative Pointer Justification Count, STS Path Detected (NPJC-Pdet) is a count of the negative pointer justifications detected on a particular path on an incoming SONET signal.
PPJC-Pgen	Positive Pointer Justification Count, STS Path Generated (PPJC-Pgen) is a count of the positive pointer justifications generated for a particular path to reconcile the frequency of the SPE with the local clock.
NPJC-Pgen	Negative Pointer Justification Count, STS Path Generated (PPJC-Pgen) is a count of the negative pointer justifications generated for a particular path to reconcile the frequency of the synchronous payload envelope (SPE) with the local clock.

Table 13-38 Near-End Line Layer PMs for the OC-12 Card
Parameter	Definition
For information about Troubleshooting UPSR switch counts, see the alarm troubleshooting information in the Cisco ONS 15454 Troubleshooting Guide. For information about creating circuits that perform a switch, see "Circuits and Tunnels."
PSC (BLSR)	For a protect line in a 2-fiber ring, Protection Switching Count (PSC) refers to the number of times a protection switch has occurred either to a particular span's line protection or away from a particular span's line protection. Therefore, if a protection switch occurs on a 2-fiber BLSR, the PSC of the protection span to which the traffic is switched will increment, and when the switched traffic returns to its original working span from the protect span, the PSC of the protect span will increment again. Note 4-fiber BLSR is not supported on the OC-12 card; therefore, the PSC-S, and PSC-R PMs do not increment.
PSC (1+1 protection)	In a 1 + 1 protection scheme for a working card, Protection Switching Count (PSC) is a count of the number of times service switches from a working card to a protection card plus the number of times service switches back to the working card. For a protection card, PSC is a count of the number of times service switches to a working card from a protection card plus the number of times service switches back to the protection card. The PSC PM is only applicable if revertive line-level protection switching is used.
PSD	For an active protection line in a 2-fiber BLSR, Protection Switching Duration (PSD) is a count of the number of seconds that the protect line is carrying working traffic following the failure of the working line. PSD increments on the active protect line and PSD-W increments on the failed working line. Note 4-fiber BLSR is not supported on the OC-12 card; therefore, the PSD-S, and PSD-R PMs do not increment.
PSC-W	For a working line in a 2-fiber BLSR, Protection Switching Count-Working (PSC-W) is a count of the number of times traffic switches away from the working capacity in the failed line and back to the working capacity after the failure is cleared. PSC-W increments on the failed working line and PSC increments on the active protect line.
PSD-W	For a working line in a 2-fiber BLSR, Protection Switching Duration-Working (PSD-W) is a count of the number of seconds that service was carried on the protection line. PSD-W increments on the failed working line and PSD increments on the active protect line.

Table 13-39 Near-End SONET Path PMs for the OC-12 Card
Parameter	Definition
Note SONET path PMs will not count unless IPPM is enabled. For additional information, see the "Intermediate-Path Performance Monitoring Reference" section. Far-end IPPM is not supported. However, SONET path PMs can be monitored by logging into the far-end node directly.
STS CV-P	Near-End STS Path Coding Violations (CV-P) is a count of BIP errors detected at the STS path layer (i.e., using the B3 byte). Up to eight BIP errors can be detected per frame; each error increments the current CV-P second register.
STS ES-P	Near-End STS Path Errored Seconds (ES-P) is a count of the seconds when at least one STS path BIP error was detected. An AIS-P defect (or a lower-layer, traffic-related, near-end defect) or an LOP-P defect can also cause an STS ES-P.
STS FC-P	Near-End STS Path Failure Counts (FC-P) is a count of the number of near-end STS path failure events. A failure event begins with an AIS-P failure, an LOP-P failure, a UNEQ-P failure or a TIM-P failure is declared, or if the STS PTE that is monitoring the path supports ERDI-P for that path. The failure event ends when these failures are cleared.
STS SES-P	Near-End STS Path Severely Errored Seconds (SES-P) is a count of the seconds when K (2400) or more STS path BIP errors were detected. An AIS-P defect (or a lower-layer, traffic-related, near-end defect) or an LOP-P defect can also cause an STS SES-P.
STS UAS-P	Near-End STS Path Unavailable Seconds (UAS-P) is a count of the seconds when the STS path was unavailable. An STS path becomes unavailable when ten consecutive seconds occur that qualify as SES-Ps, and it continues to be unavailable until ten consecutive seconds occur that do not qualify as SES-Ps.

Table 13-40 Far-End Line Layer PMs for the OC-12 Card
Parameter	Definition
CV-L	Far-End Line Code Violation (CV-L) is a count of BIP errors detected by the far-end line terminating equipment (LTE) and reported back to the near-end LTE using the REI-L indication in the line overhead. For SONET signals at rates below OC-48, up to 8 x N BIP errors per STS-N frame can be indicated using the REI-L. For OC-48 signals, up to 255 BIP errors per STS-N frame can be indicated. The current CV-L second register is incremented for each BIP error indicated by the incoming REI-L.
ES-L	Far-End Line Errored Seconds (ES-L) is a count of the seconds when at least one line-layer BIP error was reported by the far-end LTE or an RDI-L defect was present.
SES-L	Far-End Line Severely Errored Seconds (SES-L) is a count of the seconds when K (see GR-253-CORE for values) or more line-layer BIP errors were reported by the far-end LTE or an RDI-L defect was present.
UAS-L	Far-End Line Unavailable Seconds (UAS-L) is a count of the seconds when the line is unavailable at the far end. A line becomes unavailable at the far end when ten consecutive seconds occur that qualify as SES-LFEs, and it continues to be unavailable until ten consecutive seconds occur that do not qualify as SES-LFEs.
FC-L	Far-End Line Failure Count (FC-L) is a count of the number of far-end line failure events. A failure event begins when RFI-L failure is declared and ends when the RFI-L failure clears. A failure event that begins in one period and ends in another period is counted only in the period where it began.

13.5.3 OC-48 and OC-192 Card Performance Monitoring Parameters

Figure 13-16 shows the signal types that support far-end PMs. Figure 13-17 shows where overhead bytes detected on the ASICs produce performance monitoring parameters for the OC-48 and OC-192 cards.

Note PMs on the protect STS are not supported for BLSR. The XX in the illustration above represents all PMs listed below with the given prefix and/or suffix.

Note For PM locations relating to protection switch counts, see the GR-1230-CORE document.

Table 13-41 Near-End Section PMs for the OC-48 and OC-192 Cards
Parameter	Definition
CV-S	Section Coding Violation (CV-S) is a count of BIP errors detected at the section-layer (i.e. using the B1 byte in the incoming SONET signal). Up to eight section BIP errors can be detected per STS-N frame; each error increments the current CV-S second register.
ES-S	Section Errored Seconds (ES-S) is a count of the number of seconds when at least one section-layer BIP error was detected or an SEF or LOS defect was present.
SES-S	Section Severely Errored Seconds (SES-S) is a count of the seconds when K (see GR-253 for value) or more section-layer BIP errors were detected or an SEF or LOS defect was present.
SEFS-S	Section Severely Errored Framing Seconds (SEFS-S) is a count of the seconds when an SEF defect was present. An SEF defect is expected to be present during most seconds when an LOS or LOF defect is present. However, there may be situations when the SEFS-S parameter is only incremented based on the presence of an SEF defect.

Table 13-42 Near-End Line Layer PMs for the OC-48 and OC-192 Cards
Parameter	Definition
CV-L	Near-End Line Code Violation (CV-L) is a count of BIP errors detected at the line-layer (i.e. using the B2 bytes in the incoming SONET signal). Up to 8 x N BIP errors can be detected per STS-N frame; each error increments the current CV-L second register.
ES-L	Near-End Line Errored Seconds (ES-L) is a count of the seconds when at least one line-layer BIP error was detected or an AIS-L defect was present.
SES-L	Near-End Line Severely Errored Seconds (SES-L) is a count of the seconds when K (see GR-253 for values) or more line-layer BIP errors were detected or an AIS-L defect was present.
UAS-L	Near-End Line Unavailable Seconds (UAS-L) is a count of the seconds when the line is unavailable. A line becomes unavailable when ten consecutive seconds occur that qualify as SES-Ls, and it continues to be unavailable until ten consecutive seconds occur that do not qualify as SES-Ls.
FC-L	Near-End Line Failure Count (FC-L) is a count of the number of near-end line failure events. A failure event begins when an AIS-L failure or a lower-layer traffic-related, near-end failure is declared. This failure event ends when the failure is cleared. A failure event that begins in one period and ends in another period is counted only in the period where it begins.

Table 13-43 Near-End SONET Path H-byte PMs for the OC-48 and OC-192 Cards
Parameter	Definition
Note On CTC, the count fields for PPJC and NPJC PMs appear white and blank unless they are enabled on the Provisioning > Line tabs.
PPJC-Pdet	Positive Pointer Justification Count, STS Path Detected (PPJC-Pdet) is a count of the positive pointer justifications detected on a particular path on an incoming SONET signal.
NPJC-Pdet	Negative Pointer Justification Count, STS Path Detected (NPJC-Pdet) is a count of the negative pointer justifications detected on a particular path on an incoming SONET signal.
PPJC-Pgen	Positive Pointer Justification Count, STS Path Generated (PPJC-Pgen) is a count of the positive pointer justifications generated for a particular path to reconcile the frequency of the SPE with the local clock.
NPJC-Pgen	Negative Pointer Justification Count, STS Path Generated (PPJC-Pgen) is a count of the negative pointer justifications generated for a particular path to reconcile the frequency of the synchronous payload envelope (SPE) with the local clock.

Table 13-44 Near-End Line Layer PMs for the OC-48 and OC-192 Cards
Parameter	Definition
For information about Troubleshooting UPSR switch counts, see the alarm troubleshooting information in the Cisco ONS 15454 Troubleshooting Guide. For information about creating circuits that perform a switch, see "Circuits and Tunnels."
PSC (BLSR)	For a protect line in a 2-fiber ring, Protection Switching Count (PSC) refers to the number of times a protection switch has occurred either to a particular span's line protection or away from a particular span's line protection. Therefore, if a protection switch occurs on a 2-fiber BLSR, the PSC of the protection span to which the traffic is switched will increment, and when the switched traffic returns to its original working span from the protect span, the PSC of the protect span will increment again.
PSC (1+1 protection)	In a 1 + 1 protection scheme for a working card, Protection Switching Count (PSC) is a count of the number of times service switches from a working card to a protection card plus the number of times service switches back to the working card. For a protection card, PSC is a count of the number of times service switches to a working card from a protection card plus the number of times service switches back to the protection card. The PSC PM is only applicable if revertive line-level protection switching is used.
PSD	For an active protection line in a 2-fiber BLSR, Protection Switching Duration (PSD) is a count of the number of seconds that the protect line is carrying working traffic following the failure of the working line. PSD increments on the active protect line and PSD-W increments on the failed working line.
PSC-W	For a working line in a 2-fiber BLSR, Protection Switching Count-Working (PSC-W) is a count of the number of times traffic switches away from the working capacity in the failed line and back to the working capacity after the failure is cleared. PSC-W increments on the failed working line and PSC increments on the active protect line. For a working line in a 4-fiber BLSR, PSC-W is a count of the number of times service switches from a working line to a protection line plus the number of times it switches back to the working line. PSC-W increments on the failed line and PSC-R or PSC-S increments on the active protect line.
PSD-W	For a working line in a 2-fiber BLSR, Protection Switching Duration-Working (PSD-W) is a count of the number of seconds that service was carried on the protection line. PSD-W increments on the failed working line and PSD increments on the active protect line.
PSC-S	In a 4-fiber BLSR, Protection Switching Count-Span (PSC-S) is a count of the number of times service switches from a working line to a protection line plus the number of times it switches back to the working line. A count is only incremented if span switching is used.
PSD-S	In a 4-fiber BLSR, Protection Switching Duration-Span (PSD-S) is a count of the seconds that the protection line was used to carry service. A count is only incremented if span switching is used.
PSC-R	In a 4-fiber BLSR, Protection Switching Count-Ring (PSC-R) is a count of the number of times service switches from a working line to a protection line plus the number of times it switches back to a working line. A count is only incremented if ring switching is used.
PSD-R	In a 4-fiber BLSR, Protection Switching Duration-Ring (PSD-R) is a count of the seconds that the protection line was used to carry service. A count is only incremented if ring switching is used.

Table 13-45 Near-End SONET Path PMs for the OC-48 and OC-192 Cards
Parameter	Definition
Note SONET path PMs will not count unless IPPM is enabled. For additional information, see the "Intermediate-Path Performance Monitoring Reference" section. Far-end IPPM is not supported. However, SONET path PMs can be monitored by logging into the far-end node directly.
STS CV-P	Near-End STS Path Coding Violations (CV-P) is a count of BIP errors detected at the STS path layer (i.e., using the B3 byte). Up to eight BIP errors can be detected per frame; each error increments the current CV-P second register.
STS ES-P	Near-End STS Path Errored Seconds (ES-P) is a count of the seconds when at least one STS path BIP error was detected. An AIS-P defect (or a lower-layer, traffic-related, near-end defect) or an LOP-P defect can also cause an STS ES-P.
STS FC-P	Near-End STS Path Failure Counts (FC-P) is a count of the number of near-end STS path failure events. A failure event begins with an AIS-P failure, an LOP-P failure, a UNEQ-P failure or a TIM-P failure is declared, or if the STS PTE that is monitoring the path supports ERDI-P for that path. The failure event ends when these failures are cleared.
STS SES-P	Near-End STS Path Severely Errored Seconds (SES-P) is a count of the seconds when K (2400) or more STS path BIP errors were detected. An AIS-P defect (or a lower-layer, traffic-related, near-end defect) or an LOP-P defect can also cause an STS SES-P.
STS UAS-P	Near-End STS Path Unavailable Seconds (UAS-P) is a count of the seconds when the STS path was unavailable. An STS path becomes unavailable when ten consecutive seconds occur that qualify as SES-Ps, and it continues to be unavailable until ten consecutive seconds occur that do not qualify as SES-Ps.

Table 13-46 Far-End Line Layer PMs for the OC-48 and OC-192 Cards
Parameter	Definition
CV-L	Far-End Line Code Violation (CV-L) is a count of BIP errors detected by the far-end line terminating equipment (LTE) and reported back to the near-end LTE using the REI-L indication in the line overhead. For SONET signals at rates below OC-48, up to 8 x N BIP errors per STS-N frame can be indicated using the REI-L. For OC-48 signals, up to 255 BIP errors per STS-N frame can be indicated. The current CV-L second register is incremented for each BIP error indicated by the incoming REI-L.
ES-L	Far-End Line Errored Seconds (ES-L) is a count of the seconds when at least one line-layer BIP error was reported by the far-end LTE or an RDI-L defect was present.
SES-L	Far-End Line Severely Errored Seconds (SES-L) is a count of the seconds when K (see GR-253-CORE for values) or more line-layer BIP errors were reported by the far-end LTE or an RDI-L defect was present.
UAS-L	Far-End Line Unavailable Seconds (UAS-L) is a count of the seconds when the line is unavailable at the far end. A line becomes unavailable at the far end when ten consecutive seconds occur that qualify as SES-LFEs, and it continues to be unavailable until ten consecutive seconds occur that do not qualify as SES-LFEs.
FC-L	Far-End Line Failure Count (FC-L) is a count of the number of far-end line failure events. A failure event begins when RFI-L failure is declared and ends when the RFI-L failure clears. A failure event that begins in one period and ends in another period is counted only in the period where it began.

Table Of Contents

Performance Monitoring

13.1 Threshold Reference

13.2 Intermediate-Path Performance Monitoring Reference

13.3 Pointer Justification Count Reference

13.4 Performance Monitoring for Electrical Cards

13.4.1 EC-1 Card Performance Monitoring Parameters

13.4.2 DS1 and DS1N Card Performance Monitoring Parameters

13.4.3 DS3 and DS3N Card Performance Monitoring Parameters

13.4.4 DS3-12E and DS3N-12E Card Performance Monitoring Parameters

13.4.5 DS3XM-6 Card Performance Monitoring Parameters

13.5 Performance Monitoring for Optical Cards

13.5.1 OC-3 Card Performance Monitoring Parameters

13.5.2 OC-12 Card Performance Monitoring Parameters

13.5.3 OC-48 and OC-192 Card Performance Monitoring Parameters