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This appendix describes the following Linux commands, which are used in the Cisco Metro 1500 series environment.
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Note The number of Linux commands available is limited by the amount of available Flash memory. |
Use this command to change passwords. passwd changes the specified user's password. Only the superuser is allowed to change other users' passwords. If the user is not root, then the old password is prompted for and verified.
A new password is prompted for twice to avoid typing mistakes. Unless the user is the superuser, the new password must have more than six characters, and it must have either both uppercase and lowercase letters, or non-letters. Some passwords that are similar to the user's name are not allowed.
passwd new-password
/etc/passwd
/etc/shells
The following example shows how to set and change passwords:
passwd Z3tR67s
pico is a simple, display-oriented text editor based on the Pine message system composer. As with Pine, commands are displayed at the bottom of the screen, and context-sensitive help is provided. As characters are typed they are immediately inserted into the text.
Editing commands are entered using Control-key combinations. As a workaround for communications programs that swallow certain control characters, you can emulate a Control key by pressing Escape twice, followed by the desired control character. For example, Esc Esc C is equivalent to entering a ^C. The editor has five basic features:
Paragraph justification takes place in the paragraph that contains the cursor or, if the cursor is between lines, in the paragraph immediately below. Paragraphs are delimited by blank lines, or by lines beginning with a space or tab. Unjustification can be done immediately after justification using the ^U key combination.
String searches are not sensitive to case. A search begins at the current cursor position and wraps around the end of the text. The most recent search string is offered as the default in subsequent searches.
Blocks of text can be moved, copied, or deleted by using the following commands:
The delete command removes text between the "mark" and the current cursor position, and then places it in the "cut" buffer. The undelete command effects a "paste" at the current cursor position.
The spell checker examines all words in the text. It then highlights each misspelled word for correction. Spell checking can be canceled at any time. Alternatively, pico substitutes a routine defined by the SPELL environment variable for the default spell checking routine. The replacement routine should read standard input and write standard output.
The file browser is offered as an option in the Read File and Write Out command prompts. It helps in searching for specific files and navigating directory hierarchies. Filenames with sizes and names of directories in the current working directory are presented for selection. The current working directory is displayed on the top line of the display while the list of available commands takes up the bottom two. Several basic file manipulation functions are supported:
More specific help for these functions is available in pico online help.
When pico is disconnected (SIGHUP), pico saves the current work, if necessary, before exiting. Work is saved under the current filename with .save appended. If the current work is unnamed, it is saved under the filename pico.save.
Figure A-1 shows a screen display of pico.
pico [options] [file]
Table A-1 lists and describes pico options.
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
+n | Causes pico to be started with the cursor located n lines into the file. (There is no space between the plus (+) sign and the number.) |
d | Rebinds the Delete key so the character the cursor is on is deleted rather than the character to its left. |
e | Enables filename completion. |
f | Uses function keys for commands. This option is supported only in conjunction with UW Enhanced NCSA Telnet. |
g | Enables Show Cursor mode in file browser. Causes cursor to be positioned before the current selection rather than placed at the lower left of the display. |
k | Causes Cut Text option to remove characters from the cursor position to the end of the line rather than remove the entire line. |
m | Enables mouse functionality. This only works when pico is run from within an X Window system xterm window. |
nn | Enables new mail notification. The n argument is optional, and specifies how often, in seconds, your mailbox is checked for new mail. For example, -n60 causes pico to check for new mail once every minute. The default interval is 180 seconds, while the minimum allowed is 30. (There is no space between n and the number.) |
o | Sets the operating directory. Only files in this directory are accessible. The file browser is limited to the specified directory subtree. |
rn | Sets the column used to limit the Justify option's right margin. |
t | Enables tool mode. If pico is used as the editor within other tools, pico does not prompt for save on exit, and does not rename the buffer during the Write Out command. |
v | Views the file only, disallowing any editing. |
w | Disables word wrap. Allows editing of long lines. |
x | Disables keymenu at the bottom of the screen. |
z | Enables ^Z suspension of pico. |
How pico displays lines that are longer than the display width is not obvious. A $ at the end of a line indicates that the line continues beyond the display width. Long lines are scrolled horizontally as the cursor moves to the right.
The following example shows how to use pico to edit the configfile with the mouse function enabled.
pico m configfile
Use this command as a configuration tool for the event manager snmptrapd. snmpconfig customizes the event manager snmptrapd. Enter the corresponding key to change the settings in snmptrapd.conf.
snmpconfig -?
Table A-2 describes the screen capture keys.
| Key | Description |
f | Flash log file size is 1000, and the priority level is 1. |
r | RAM log file size is 32768, and the priority level is 10. |
0 | 192.168.100.44, community is public, and the priority level is 5. |
l | Configures log files. |
a | Adds a trap sink. |
d | Deletes a trap sink. |
e | Configures events. |
f, r , 0 to 9 | Shows details. |
q | Quits without saving. |
s | Saves and then quits. |
Table A-3 lists and describes snmpconfig keys.
| Key | Description |
l | Configures the settings for the log files RAMLog.log and FlashLog.log. |
a | Adds an IP address to the trap sink table. |
d | Deletes an IP address from the trap sink table. |
e | Changes the priority of the events. |
q | Quits and does not save. |
s | Saves the settings in /etc/snmptrapd.conf. The settings are activated after restarting snmptrapd. |
f | Shows a list of all events that are stored in /etc/FlashLog.lg. |
r | Shows a list of all events that are stored in /tmp/RAMLog.log. |
0 to 9 | Shows a list of all events that are sent to the corresponding trap sink. |
The -? option shows version information.
/etc/snmptrapd.conf, /tmp/RAMLog.log,
/etc/FlashLog.log
snmptrapd.conf
Posted: Sat Sep 28 02:47:26 PDT 2002
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