A.2. The 1988 Korn Shell
Perhaps the most obvious shell with which to compare ksh93
is ksh88, the 1988 version of the Korn shell.
This section
briefly describes those features of ksh93
that are either different or nonexistent in ksh88.
As with the presentation for the Bourne shell,
the topics are covered in the same order as they're presented in the rest of
the book.
- Chapter 1
-
The built-in help facilities (such as -?,
--man, and so on) are not available.
Tilde substitution does not occur during variable expansion
(${var
op word}).
- Chapter 2
-
CTRL-T works differently in emacs editing mode.
In ksh88, it transposes the two
characters to the right of point and moves point forward
by one character.
In emacs-mode,
ESC ESC, ESC *, and ESC = don't work on the
first word of a command line, i.e., there is no command completion facility.
The ESC # command always prepends a #
character. It never removes them.
Similarly, in vi-mode, the *, \
and = commands don't work on the first word of a command line,
and the # command always prepends a #
character. It never removes them.
Finally, there is no variable completion, the hist
command is called fc,
FCEDIT is used in place of HISTEDIT,
and the HISTCMD
variable is not available.
- Chapter 3
-
The ENV file is
sourced for all shells, and ksh88 only does
variable substitution on the value of $ENV.
Alias tracking can be turned off in ksh88.
The -p option to alias is not
present in ksh88, nor is the -a
option to unalias.
The following built-in variables aren't supported:
.sh.edchar |
.sh.match |
.sh.version |
LANG |
.sh.edcol |
.sh.name |
FIGNORE |
LC_ALL |
.sh.edmode |
.sh.subscript |
HISTCMD |
LC_COLLATE |
.sh.edtext |
.sh.value |
HISTEDIT |
LC_CTYPE |
- Chapter 4
-
In ksh88, both syntaxes for defining functions produce functions
with Korn shell semantics. You cannot apply the dot command to a function name.
The command search order in ksh88 is
keywords, aliases,
all built-in commands, functions, and then external commands and scripts.
The order was changed in ksh93 for POSIX compliance.
In ksh88, undefined (autoloaded) functions are searched
for exclusively along the list in the FPATH variable, and
PATH is not involved.
The .paths file feature is not available.
Many of the variable substitution features described in the main text are new
to ksh93. Only the following are available in ksh88:
${name:-string},
${name:=string},
${name:?string},
${name:+string},
${name#pattern},
${name##pattern},
${name%pattern},
${name%%pattern},
${#name},
${#name[*]},
and
${#name[@]}.
Compound variables, namerefs and
the += operator for appending to a variable
are not in ksh88.
The \n notation in patterns is not available,
nor are
non-greedy matching, the
use of backslash escapes in patterns,
options in subpatterns, nor any of the [:...:]
character classes.
The .sh.match array is not available.
- Chapter 5
-
Exit values in ksh88
only go up to 128. Programs that die due to a signal have exit status
128 plus signal number.
There is no command built-in command.
To replace a built-in, you
have to use an awkward combination of aliasing, functions, and quoting.
The set -o pipefail option and the
the ! keyword for reversing the sense of a test are
not available. Instead of the
== operator for [[...]],
ksh88 uses =.
The arithmetic for loop is not in ksh88.
The use of ;& for falling through cases existed in
ksh88 but was undocumented.
The TMOUT variable existed in ksh88,
but it only applied to the shell itself, not to the select
loop or the read command.
- Chapter 6
-
The ksh88 getopts did not have
the ability to specify numeric arguments to options, nor
a way to specify optional arguments to options.
The built-in arithmetic only supports integers, and the
++, --,
?: and comma operators aren't available.
Numeric constants of the form
base#number
can only go up to base 36. There are no built-in arithmetic functions.
Only indexed arrays exist, and the maximum index is 1023.
- Chapter 7
-
The following I/O redirectors are not supported:
TCP/IP networking is available starting with ksh88e,
but you must use IP addresses.
ksh88 does not have the printf command,
nor the -A, -d,
-n, and -t options to read.
TMOUT does not affect read.
Brace expansion and process substitution are compile-time options that
are generally not available in ksh88.
Locale translation with $"..." and
ANSI C strings with $'...' are not available.
- Chapter 8
-
The disown command is not available, and
neither are the -n
and -s options to kill.
kill -l can only be used
by itself to list the available signals.
true and false are predefined aliases
instead of built-in commands.
Functions and aliases are exported to shell subprocesses; this is not true of ksh93.
- Chapter 9
-
Traps for the DEBUG fake signal are executed after each
command is executed, not before.
Discipline functions are not available.
- Chapter 10
-
The umask command only works with octal masks.
You cannot customize the built-in editors; the KEYBD fake signal
does not exist.
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