insf(1M)

NAME

insf — install special (device) files

SYNOPSIS

/sbin/insf

/sbin/insf [-C class | -d driver] [-D directory] [-e] [-H hw-path] [-I instance] [-n npty] [-q|-v] [-s nstrpty]

/sbin/insf -L [-v]

DESCRIPTION

The insf command installs special files in the devices directory, normally /dev. If required, insf creates any subdirectories that are defined for the resulting special file. Both the legacy and persistent device special files (see intro(7)) are created, unless specified.

If no options are specified, special files are created for all new devices in the system. New devices are those devices for which no special files have been previously created. A subset of the new devices can be selected with the -C, -d, and -H options.

With the -e option, insf reinstalls the special files for pseudo-drivers and existing devices. This is useful for restoring special files when one or more have been removed.

Normally, insf displays a message as the special files are installed for each driver. The -q (quiet) option suppresses the installation message. The -v (verbose) option displays the installation message and the name of each special file as it is created.

With the -L option, insf enables the legacy naming model. If the -v option is included, insf also displays the current mode, legacy, or agile without changing the current mode.

Options

insf recognizes the following options.

-C class

Match devices that belong to a given device class, class. Device classes can be listed with the lsdev command (see lsdev(1M)). They are defined in the files in the directory /usr/conf/master.d. The special class pseudo includes all pseudo-drivers. This option cannot be used with -d.

-d driver

Match devices that are controlled by the specified device driver, driver. Device drivers can be listed with the lsdev command (see lsdev(1M)). They are defined in the files in the directory /usr/conf/master.d. This option cannot be used with -C.

-D directory

Override the default device installation directory /dev and install the special files in directory instead. directory must exist; otherwise, insf displays an error message and exits. See WARNINGS.

-e

Reinstall the special files for pseudo-drivers and existing devices. This is useful for restoring special files if one or more have been removed.

-H hw-path

Match devices at a given hardware path, hw-path. Hardware paths can be listed with the ioscan command (see ioscan(1M)). A hardware path specifies the addresses of the hardware components leading to a device. It consists of a string of numbers separated by periods (.), such as 52 (a card), 52.3 (a target address), and 52.3.0 (a device). If a hardware component is a bus converter, the following period, if any, is replaced by a slash (/) as in 2, 2/3, and 2/3.0.

If the specified path contains fewer numbers than are necessary to reach a device, special files are made for all devices at addresses that extend the given path. If the specified path is 56, then special files are made for the devices at addresses 56.0, 56.1, 56.2, etc. In the agile view (see intro(7)), the devices will have new hardware path formats, which can be displayed using the ioscan command with -N option (see ioscan(1M)).

-I instance

Match a device with the specified instance number. Instances can be listed with the -f option of the ioscan command (see ioscan(1M)).

This option is effective only if the -e option is specified or if an appropriate device class or driver is specified with a -C or -d option.

-L

Enable the legacy naming model. This command reinstalls the legacy I/O nodes and legacy device special files which might have been removed with rmsf -L (see rmsf(1M)). When used with the -v option, insf reports on whether legacy mode is enabled or disabled.

-n npty

Install npty special files for each specified ptym and ptys driver. The pty driver specifies both the ptym and ptys drivers. npty is a decimal number.

This option is effective only if the -e option is specified or if an appropriate device class or driver is specified with a -C or -d option.

If this option is omitted, npty defaults to 60 for the ptym and ptys drivers.

-q

Quiet option. Normally, insf displays a message as each driver is processed. This option suppresses the driver message, but not error messages. See the -v option.

-s nstrpty

Install nstrpty slave-side stream special files for the pts driver. nstrpty is a decimal number. This option only applies to the pts special file installation.

This option is effective only if the -e option is specified or if an appropriate device class or driver is specified with a -C or -d option.

If this option is omitted, nstrpty defaults to 60.

-v

Verbose option. In addition to the normal processing message, display the name of each special file as it is created. See the -q option.

Naming Conventions

Some special files follow a classinstance naming convention, where class is the driver class, and instance is the instance number assigned by the operating system to the device.

Many other special files are named using the ccardttargetddevice naming convention. These variables have the following meaning wherever they are used.

card: The unique interface card identification number from ioscan (see ioscan(1M)). It is represented as a decimal number.
target: The device target number, for example the address on a HP-FL or SCSI bus. It is represented as a decimal number with a typical range of 0 to 15.
device: A address unit within a device, for example, the unit in a HP-FL device or the LUN in a SCSI device. It is represented as a decimal number with a typical range of 0 to 15.

Special Files

This subsection shows which special files are created and the permissions for each of the supported device drivers.

The special file names are relative to the installation directory, normally /dev. This directory may be overridden with the -D option.

insf sets the file permissions and the owner and group IDs. They are shown here in a format similar to that of the ll command:

special-file: permissions owner group

For example:

tty: rw-rw-rw- bin bin

Device Driver Special Files and Description

arp

The following special file is installed:

arp: rw-rw-rw- root sys

asio0

For the built-in serial port, the following special files are installed for each card instance:

ttycardp0

rw--w--w- bin bin

Direct connect

asio0

For the SAS console ports, the following special files are installed for each card instance:

ttycardp0

rw--w--w- bin bin

local console port (direct connect)

ttycardp1

rw--w--w- bin bin

remote session port (direct connect)

sassy

rw------- root sys

internal console port (direct connect)

ttycard+1p0

rw--w--w- bin bin

UPS port (direct connect)

ttycard+1p1

rw--w--w- bin bin

local session port (direct connect)

asyncdsk

The following special files are installed:

asyncdsk: rw-rw-rw- bin bin
async: rw-rw-rw- bin bin

audio

The following special files are installed. Note the underscore (_) before card in each special file name.

For card 0, the device files are linked to files without the trailing _0 in their names.

audio_card

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

Default audio device

audioCtl_card

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

Audio control device

audioBA_card

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

All outputs, A-law format

audioBL_card

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

All outputs, 16-bit linear format

audioBU_card

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

All outputs, Mu-law format

audioEA_card

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

External output, A-law format

audioEL_card

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

External output, 16-bit linear format

audioEU_card

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

External output, Mu-law format

audioIA_card

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

Internal speaker output, A-law format

audioIL_card

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

Internal speaker output, 16-bit linear format

audioIU_card

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

Internal speaker output, Mu-law format

audioLA_card

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

Line output, A-law format

audioLL_card

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

Line output, 16 bit linear format

audioLU_card

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

Line output, Mu-law format

audioNA_card

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

No output, A-law format

audioNL_card

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

No output, 16 bit linear format

audioNU_card

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

No output, Mu-law format

beep

The following special file is installed:

beep: rw-rw-rw- bin bin

CentIf

For each card instance, the following special file is installed.

ccardttargetddevice_lp

rw-rw-rw- lp bin

Handshake mode 2, character entry

consp1

For each card instance, the following special files are installed:

ttycardp0

rw--w--w- bin bin

Direct connect

cn

The following special files are installed:

syscon: rw--w--w- bin bin
systty: rw--w--w- bin bin
console: rw--w--w- root sys
ttyconf: rw------- root sys

c8xx

The following persistent special file is installed:

c8xxinstance: crw-rw-rw- bin sys

dev_config

The following special file is installed:

config: rw-r--r-- root sys

diag0

The following special file is installed:

diag/diag0: rw------- bin bin

diag1

The following special file is installed:

diag/diag1: rw------- bin bin

diag2

The following special files are installed:

diag2: rw------- bin bin
diag/diag2: rw------- bin bin

disc3 sdisk

For each disk device, the following special files are installed:

dsk/ccardttargetddevice

rw-r----- bin sys

Block entry

rdsk/ccardttargetddevice

rw-r----- bin sys

Character entry

For disc3 instances, the following additional special files are installed:

floppy/ccardttargetddevice

rw-r----- bin sys

Block entry

rfloppy/ccardttargetddevice

rw-r----- bin sys

Character entry

For disk instances that are partitioned, the following additional special files are installed:

dsk/ccardttargetddevicespartition

rw-r----- bin sys

Block entry

rdsk/ccardttargetddevicespartition

rw-r----- bin sys

Character entry

dlpi

The following special files are installed:

dlpi: rw-rw-rw- root sys
dlpi0: rw-rw-rw- root sys
dlpi1: rw-rw-rw- root sys
dlpi2: rw-rw-rw- root sys
dlpi3: rw-rw-rw- root sys
dlpi4: rw-rw-rw- root sys

dmem

The following special file is installed:

dmem: rw------- bin bin

echo

The following special file is installed:

echo: rw-rw-rw- root sys

eschgr

The following persistent special file is installed:

rchgr/autochinstance: rw-r----- bin sys

esctl

The following persistent special file is installed:

pt/ptinstance: rw-r----- bin bin

esdisk

For each driver instances of esdisk, the following persistent special files are installed:

disk/diskinstance

rw-r----- bin sys

Block entry

rdisk/diskinstance

rw-r----- bin sys

Character entry

For disk instances that are partitioned, the following additional persistent special files are installed:

disk/diskinstance_ppartition

rw-r----- bin sys

Block entry

rdisk/diskinstance_ppartition

rw-r----- bin sys

Character entry

estape

For each driver instances of estape, the following persistent special files are installed:

rtape/tapeinstance_BEST

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

Character entry

rtape/tapeinstance_BESTb

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

Character entry

rtape/tapeinstance_BESTn

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

Character entry

rtape/tapeinstance_BEST_nb

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

Character entry

fddi

The following special file is installed:

lancard: rw-rw-rw- bin bin

framebuf

For each graphics device, the following special files are installed.

crtdevice_number: rw-rw-rw- bin bin
ocrtdevice_number: rw-rw-rw- bin bin

device_number is 0 indexed and is assigned in the order in which the devices appear in ioscan output.

If the console device is a graphics device, the files crt and ocrt are created as the console device. If the console is not a graphics device, crt and ocrt are identical to crt0 and ocrt0.

hil

For each device, the following special files are installed. Note the underscore (_) before card in each special file name.

For card 0, the device files are linked to files named hiladdr for the link addresses 1 to 7; hilkbd for the cooked keyboard device; and rhil for the hil controller device.

hil_card.addr

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

addr: link addresses 1 to 7

hilkbd_card

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

rhil_card

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

inet_clts

The following special file is installed:

inet_clts: rw-rw-rw- root sys

inet_cots

The following special file is installed:

inet_cots: rw-rw-rw- root sys

ip

The following special file is installed:

ip: rw-rw-rw- root sys

kepd

The following special file is installed:

kepd: rw-r--r-- root other

klog

The following special file is installed:

klog: rw------- bin bin

lan0 lan1 lan2 lan3

For each card instance, the following special files are installed:

lancard: rw-rw-rw- bin bin
ethercard: rw-rw-rw- bin bin
diag/lancard: rw------- bin bin

lantty0

For each card instance, the following special files are installed:

lanttycard

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

Normal access

diag/lanttycard

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

Exclusive access

lpr2 lpr3

For each card instance, the following special files are installed:

ccardttargetddevice_lp: rw------- lp bin
diag/ccardttargetddevice_lp: rw------- bin bin

mm

The following special files are installed:

mem

rw-r----- bin sys

Minor 0

kmem

rw-r----- bin sys

Minor 1

null

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

Minor 2

mpt

The following persistent special files are installed:

mptinstance: crw-rw-rw- bin sys

mux0

For each instance of a 6-channel card, the following special files are installed:

ttycardpport

rw--w--w- bin bin

port: 0 to 5, direct connect

muxcard

rw------- bin bin

diag/muxcard

rw------- bin bin

For each instance of a 16-channel card, the following special files are installed:

ttycardpport

rw--w--w- bin bin

port: 0 to 15, direct connect

muxcard

rw------- bin bin

diag/muxcard

rw------- bin bin

mux2

For each instance of an 16-channel card, the following special files are installed:

ttycardpport

rw--w--w- bin bin

port: 0 to 15, direct connect

muxcard

rw------- bin bin

diag/muxcard

rw------- bin bin

For each card instance of an 8-channel card, the following special files are installed:

ttycardpport

rw--w--w- bin bin

port: 0 to 7, direct connect

muxcard

rw------- bin bin

diag/muxcard

rw------- bin bin

For each card instance of an 3-channel card, the following special files are installed:

ttycardpport

rw--w--w- bin bin

port: 0, 1, and 7, direct connect

muxcard

rw------- bin bin

diag/muxcard

rw------- bin bin

mux4

For each card instance, the following special files are installed:

ttycardpport

rw--w--w- bin bin

port: 0 and 1, direct connect

netqa

The following special file is installed:

netqa: rw-rw-rw- root sys

nuls

The following special file is installed:

nuls: rw-rw-rw- root sys

pci_mux0 pci_mux1

For each instance of a PCI mux card, the following "Direct Connect" special files are created. The term card below refers to the instance number of the mux card.

ttycardport_module port

rw--w--w- bin bin

port_module: a to p, port module name

port: 1 to 16, port number

muxcard

rw------- bin bin

diag/muxcard

rw------- bin bin

diag/muxcard_1

rw------- bin bin

diag/muxcard_2

rw------- bin bin

pflop sflop

For each card instance, the following special files are installed:

floppy/ccardttargetddevice

rw-r----- bin sys

Block entry

rfloppy/ccardttargetddevice

rw-r----- bin sys

Character entry

ps2

The following special files are installed:

ps2kbd

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

Autosearch for first ps2 keyboard

ps2mouse

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

Autosearch for first ps2 mouse

ps2_0

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

ps2 port 0

ps2_1

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

ps2 port 1

ptm

The following special file is installed:

ptmx: rw-rw-rw- root sys

pts

The following special files are installed:

pts/number

rw-rw-rw- root sys

number: 0 to 59

pty

Specifying this driver tells insf to install the special files for both the master and slave pty drivers, ptym and ptys.

The command insf -d pty is equivalent to the two commands insf -d ptym and insf -d ptys.

ptym

The following special files are installed:

ptym/clone

rw-r--r-- root other

ptym/ptyindexnumber

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

index: p to s, u to z, a to c, e to o; number: 0 to f (hexadecimal)

The first 48 special files ptym/pty* are linked to pty*.

ptym/ptyindexnumber

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

index: p to s, u to z, a to c, e to o; number: 00 to 99

ptym/ptyindexnumber

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

index: p to s, u to z, a to c, e to o; number: 000 to 999

ptys

The following special files are installed:

pty/ttyindexnumber

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

index: p to s, u to z, a to c, e to o; number: 0 to f (hexadecimal)

The first 48 special files pty/tty* are linked to tty*.

pty/ttyindexnumber

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

index: p to s, u to z, a to c, e to o; number: 00 to 99

pty/ttyindexnumber

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

index: p to s, u to z, a to c, e to o; number: 000 to 999

rawip

The following special file is installed:

rawip: rw-rw-rw- root sys

root

The following special files are installed:

root: rw-r----- bin sys
rroot: rw-r----- bin sys

sad

The following special file is installed:

sad: rw-rw-rw- root sys

sastty

For each card instance, the following special files are installed:

ttycardpport

rw--w--w- bin bin

port: 0 to 1, direct connect

schgr

Special file names for schgr use the format:

ccardttargetddevice

For each autochanger device, the following special file is installed:

rac/ccardttargetddevice

rw------- bin sys

Character entry

sctl

The following special files are installed:

rscsi/ccardttargetddevice

rw-r----- bin sys

Character entry

sdisk

See disc3.

sflop

See pflop.

side

The following persistent special file is installed:

sideinstance: crw-rw-rw- bin sys

stape tape2

For each driver instance, different special files are installed depending on the number of characters allowed in the target directory. There are two lists below, one for long file name directories and one for short file name directories (14 characters maximum).

Note that the first four special files in each list for tape driver instances 0-9 are also linked to rmt/instancem, rmt/instancemb, rmt/instancemn, and rmt/instancemnb, respectively.

For installation in a long file name directory:

rmt/ccardttargetddeviceBEST

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

AT&T-style, best available density, character entry

rmt/ccardttargetddeviceBESTb

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

Berkeley-style, best available density, character entry

rmt/ccardttargetddeviceBESTn

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

AT&T-style, no rewind, best available density, character entry

rmt/ccardttargetddeviceBESTnb

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

Berkeley-style, no rewind, best available density, character entry

For installation in a short file name directory:

rmt/ccardttargetddevicef0

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

AT&T-style, best available density, character entry

rmt/ccardttargetddevicef0b

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

Berkeley-style, best available density, character entry

rmt/ccardttargetddevicef0n

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

AT&T-style, no rewind, best available density, character entry

rmt/ccardttargetddevicef0nb

rw-rw-rw- bin bin

Berkeley-style, no rewind, best available density, character entry

For both long and short file name directories, the following additional files are created.

rmt/driver_name_config

rw-r--r-- bin bin

Tape configuration, character entry

diag/rmt/ccardttargetddevice

rw------- bin bin

For tape2 only, diagnostic access, character entry

stcpmap

The following special file is installed:

stcpmap: rw-rw-rw- root sys

strlog

The following special file is installed:

strlog: rw-rw-rw- root sys

sy

The following special file is installed:

tty: rw-rw-rw- bin bin

tape2

See stape.

tcp

The following special file is installed:

tcp: rw-rw-rw- root sys

td

The following persistent special files are installed:

tdinstance: crw-rw-rw- bin sys

telm

The following special file is installed:

telnetm: rw-rw-rw- root sys

tels

The following special files are installed:

pts/tnumber

rw-rw-rw- root sys

number: 0 to 59

tlclts

The following special file is installed:

tlclts: rw-rw-rw- root sys

tlcots

The following special file is installed:

tlcots: rw-rw-rw- root sys

tlcotsod

The following special file is installed:

tlcotsod: rw-rw-rw- root sys

token2

The following special file is installed:

lancard: rw-rw-rw- bin bin

udp

The following special file is installed:

udp: rw-rw-rw- root sys

unix_clts

The following special file is installed:

unix_clts: rw-rw-rw- root sys

unix_cots

The following special file is installed:

unix_cots: rw-rw-rw- root sys

RETURN VALUE

insf exits with one of the following values:

0: Successful completion, including warning diagnostics.
1: Failure.

DIAGNOSTICS

Most diagnostic messages from insf are self-explanatory. Listed below are some messages deserving further clarification.

Warnings

Device driver name is not in the kernel

Device class name is not in the kernel

The indicated device driver or device class is not present in the kernel. A device driver and/or device class can be added to the kernel using kcmodule.

No instance number available for device class name

All of the instance numbers available for the device class are already assigned. Use the rmsf command to remove any unneeded devices from the system (see rmsf(1M)).

Don't know how to handle driver name - no special files created for path

insf does not know how to create special files for the specified device driver. Use mknod to create special files for the device (see mknod(1M)).

EXAMPLES

Install special files for all new devices belonging to the disk device class claimed by sdisk driver:

insf -C disk 

Install special files to the new device added at hardware path 2/4.0.0:

insf -H 2/4.0.0 

Install persistent special files to the new device added at the hardware path 64000/0xfa00/0x3:

insf -H 64000/0xfa00/0x3 

Reinstall persistent special files for all the devices belonging to the esdisk device driver:

insf -e -d esdisk 

Enable legacy mode (reinstalls all legacy I/O nodes and legacy device special files):

insf -L 

Find out if legacy mode is enabled or disabled:

insf -L -v 

WARNINGS

insf can change the mode, owner, or group of an existing special file, or unlink and recreate one; special files that are currently open may be left in an indeterminate state. Hence insf is recommended to be run in single-user mode.

Many commands and subsystems assume their device files are in /dev, therefore the use of the -D option is discouraged.

AUTHOR

insf was developed by HP.

FILES

/dev/config: I/O system special file
/etc/ioconfig: I/O system configuration database
/etc/ext_ioconfig: I/O system configuration database

insf(1M)

Technical documentation

» Table of Contents

» Index

NAME

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Options

Naming Conventions

Special Files

Device Driver Special Files and Description

RETURN VALUE

DIAGNOSTICS

Warnings

EXAMPLES

WARNINGS

AUTHOR

FILES

SEE ALSO