ftio(1)

Copy (out) files from the file system to tapedev, including path name and status information. If pathnames are specified, ftio recursively descends pathnames looking for files, and copies those files to tapedev. If pathnames are not specified, ftio reads the standard input to obtain a list of path names to copy. ftio can copy to multiple tapes if required. For every tape used, ftio generates a tape header containing the current tape volume number, machine node name and type, operating system name, release and version numbers (all from the uname() system call; see uname(2)), username of the person issuing the ftio command, the time and date the command was executed, the number of consecutive times the current media has been used, a comment field, and other items used internally by ftio. The tape header is separated from the main body of the tape archive by an end-of-file mark. The tape header can be read by invoking cat with the device file name as the first argument (see cat(1)). Note, character and block device special files written with the -o option are not transportable to other HP-UX implementations.

Copy out files in the same way as ftio -ocva, when no modifiers are used with the -O. However, if the .ftiorc file exists in the user's home directory, ftio opens this file and scans for lines preceded by O=. Options defined on matching lines are passed to ftio as if they had been specified on the command line. See EXAMPLES section.

Extract (copy into the file system) files from tapedev, which is assumed to be a tape and the product of a previous ftio -o operation. Only files with names that match patterns, according to the rules of Pattern Matching Notation (see regexp(5)), are selected. In addition, a leading ! within a pattern indicates that only those names that do not match the remainder of the pattern should be selected. Multiple patterns can be specified. If no patterns are specified, the default for patterns is * (that is, select all files). The extracted files are conditionally created and copied into the current directory tree, based upon the options described below. The permissions of the files are those of the previous -o operation.

Extract (copy into the file system) files in the same way as for ftio -icdmv, when no modifiers are used with the -I. However, if the .ftiorc file exists in the user's home directory, ftio opens this file, and scans for lines preceded by I=. Options defined on matching lines are passed to ftio as if they had been specified on the command line. See EXAMPLES section.

Read the file list in tapedev. If patterns is specified, only file names that match are printed. Note that file names are always preceded by the volume that ftio expected the file to be on when the file list was created; thus only the last volume is valid in this respect.

Specifies the handling of any extent attributes of the file[s] to be archived. Extent attributes cannot be preserved when archiving files with ftio. extarg takes one of the following values:

If -e is not specified, the default value for extarg is warn.

Specify the size (in bytes) of blocks written to tape. This number can end with k, which specifies multiplication by 1024. The use of larger blocks generally improves performance and tape usage. The maximum allowable block size is limited by the tape drive used. A default of 16384 bytes is set because this is the maximum block size on most Hewlett-Packard tape drives.

Descend a directory recursively, only if the file system to which it belongs is type, where type can be hfs, vxfs, or nfs.

Arguments following -F specify patterns that should not be copied to the tape. The same rules apply to ignorenames as to patterns; see the earlier description for ftio -i.

Specify a comment to be placed in the ftio tape header.

Create a list of the files being backed up. filelist specifies the output file. If pathnames is specified, perform the file search and generate a list of files prior to actually commencing the backup. This list is then appended to the tape header of each tape in the backup as a list of files that ftio attempted to fit onto this tape. The last tape in the backup contains a catalog identifying where the files are in the archive set. If pathnames is not also specified, the file list is taken from standard input before the backup begins. In addition to generating file lists, the -L option implements tape checkpointing, allowing the backup to restart from a write failure on bad media.

Make fully compatible with cpio. That is, do not generate or expect tape headers and change the default block size to 5120 bytes. (See the cpio Compatibility section below.)

Only files newer than the file specified in datefile are copied to tape.

Resynchronize automatically, when ftio goes out of phase. This is useful when restoring from a multi-tape backup from tapes other than the first. By default, ftio asks the user if resynchronization is required.

Specify a command to be invoked every time a tape is completed in a multi-tape backup. The command is invoked with the following arguments: script tape_no user_name. script is the string argument script specified with the -S option. tape_no is the number of the tape required, and user_name is the user who invoked ftio. Typically, the string script specifies a shell script which is used to notify the user that a tape change is required.

Specify alternative to /dev/tty. Normally /dev/tty is opened by ftio when terminal interaction is required.

Specify the number of blksize chunks of memory to use as buffer space between the two processes, where blksize is the size of blocks written to the tape. More chunks is usually better, but a point is reached where no improvement is gained, and performance might deteriorate as buffer space is swapped out of main memory. A default value of 16 is set for nobufs, but using 32 or 64 might improve performance if your system is not heavily loaded. Best results are obtained when backups are performed with the system in single-user mode (see shutdown(1M)).

After files are copied to tape, reset their access time to appear as though the files were not accessed by ftio.

Write header information in ASCII character form, for portability.

When restoring files, create directories as needed.

Copy in all files except those that match patterns.

Archive the files to which symbolic links point, as if they were normal files or directories. By default, ftio archives the link itself.

Retain previous file modification time and ownership of file. Restoring modification time does not apply to directories that are being restored.

At the end of the backup, print the number of blocks transferred, the total time taken (excluding tape rewind and reel-change time), and the effective transfer rate calculated from these figures. These values are printed at the end of each tape if p is specified twice.

Print only a table of contents of the input. No files are created, read, or copied.

Copy unconditionally (by default, ftio does not replace a newer file with a older file of the same name).

Be verbose. Print a list of file names and tape headers. When used with the t modifier, the table of contents looks the same as the output of the ls -l (ell) command (see ls(1)).

Save or restore device special files. ftio uses mknod(2) to recreate these files during a restore operation. Thus, this modifier is restricted to users with appropriate privileges. This is intended for intrasystem (backup) use. Restoring device files onto a different system can be very dangerous.

If copying from tape (-i or -I option), print all file names found on the tape archive, noting which files have been restored. This is useful when the user restores selected files, but wants to know which (if any) files are on the tape.

If copying to tape (-o or -O option), the A modifier suppresses warning messages regarding optional access control list entries. ftio(1) does not back up optional access control list entries in a file's access control list (see acl(5)). Normally, a warning message is printed for each file that has optional access control list entries.

When archiving, store all files having absolute path names (that is, path names beginning with /) with path names relative to the root directory (in other words, remove the leading /). On restoration, any files in the archive that had an absolute path name before archiving are restored relative to the current directory.

Same as the -L option, except that the file list is left in the current directory as the file ftio.list, instead of the file named in filelist.

On restoration, use prealloc() to allocate disk space beforehand for the file (see prealloc(2)). This vastly improves the localization of file fragments.