|
|
October 1, 2002
These release notes support Cisco Enterprise Content Distribution Network (CDN) Software Version 3.0.
These release notes describe the following topics:
Cisco Enterprise CDN Software Version 3.0 adds important new features to the product. Among the software enhancements in Version 3.0 are:
Users and CDN administrators interact with the product using a web-based graphical user interface to the CDM that provides easy access to most CDN functions. The following minimum hardware and software requirements apply to each machine that will be used as a workstation to access the CDM.
For more information on configuring your CDN devices, refer to the Cisco Enterprise CDN Software Configuration Guide.
The following sections are intended to help you upgrade from an earlier version of the CDN software to Version 3.0. If you are setting up the CDN for the first time, refer to Chapter 2, "Configuring and Activating Content Delivery Network Devices," in the Cisco Enterprise CDN Software Configuration Guide.
To determine which version of the CDN software your devices are running, use the System feature of the CDM as follows:
Step 1 Launch your web browser and enter the IP address or DNS name of your CDM into the address field, for example:
http:// 172.0.0.1/start.html
Step 2 When prompted, log in to the CDM using an administrative username and password.
Step 3 From the Devices menu, choose System.
The System dialog box appears, displaying information on the selected device.
Step 4 Choose the name of the device you are inquiring about from the Device Selector list.
Information on the selected device appears in the System dialog box.
Step 5 Refer to the row labeled Software Version for information on what version of the CDN software the selected device is using, for example:
V1-7-rc6
Updates to your CDN software are distributed through Cisco.com. Use the following procedure or refer to Chapter 4, "Maintaining the System Software," in the Cisco Enterprise CDN Software User Guide for instructions on downloading updated software from Cisco.com, and then performing a manual upgrade to install the downloaded software.
Updates of the CDN software are available from Cisco.com, the Cisco customer support portal. Once you have downloaded the appropriate software from Cisco.com, use the manual upgrade procedure described in the "Performing a Manual CDN Software Upgrade" section to distribute the update files to all your CDN devices.
 |
Note In order to access Cisco.com and download your CDN software update, you need a registered username and password for the site. If you are a Cisco customer and service contract owner, a Cisco reseller, Premier Certified Partner, the customer of a Cisco certified Partner Initiated Customer Access (PICA) partner, or a Cisco consultant, you can acquire a login from the Cisco website. |
CDN software can be downloaded from Cisco.com using either a browser pointed to Cisco.com, or an FTP application connected to the Cisco FTP site. Use the appropriate directions that follow to connect to Cisco.com.
To connect to Cisco.com:
Step 1 Launch your Web browser and point it to the following URL:
http://www.cisco.com/cgi-bin/tablebuild.pl/cdn-ent
Step 2 You are prompted to log on. Enter your Cisco.com username and password.
|
Note You need to have a Cisco.com username and password before attempting to download a software update from Cisco.com. In order to acquire a Cisco.com login, you need a service contract number, Cisco.com registration number and verification key, PICA registration number and verification key, or packaged service registration number. |
Step 3 In the download area, locate the upgrade file or files for the version of the CDN software that you need. Version numbers are listed in the column labeled Release.
Step 4 For each upgrade file you need to download, click the filename to initiate the download.
Step 5 If you are prompted to open the file or save it to a disk, choose Save to save the file to a disk. Locate a directory on your hard drive or LAN to temporarily hold the upgrade file and click OK.
|
Note You will later import upgrade files to the CDN, so be sure to place the files in a location that is easy to remember and which you will be able to access later. |
Step 6 Proceed to the "Performing a Manual CDN Software Upgrade" section for instructions on using the upgrade file to upgrade the software on your CDN devices.
In addition to downloading software upgrades for the CDN product from Cisco.com, you can also use your web browser to download CDN software from Cisco's designated FTP site: ftp://ftp.cisco.com.
Step 1 Launch your web browser.
Step 2 Log on to the Cisco FTP server as a registered user or as a guest.
ftp://userid:password@ftp.cisco.com
ftp://ftp.cisco.com
ftp://access_code:userid@host.domain/coded
Step 3 Navigate to the following download directory:
cisco/content-delivery/cdn/enterprise/
|
Note Guest users are only able to see images that are located under the /pub directory. |
Step 4 Click the filename for each upgrade file to download the file to your local machine, or right-click the filename and choose the Save Link As or Save Target As options to save the target file to your local machine.
If you are prompted to open the file or save it to a disk, choose to save the file to a disk. Locate a directory on your hard drive or LAN to temporarily hold the upgrade file and click OK.
|
Note You will later import these files to the CDN, so be sure to place them in a location from which they are easy to retrieve for import later. |
Step 5 Proceed to the "Performing a Manual CDN Software Upgrade" section for instructions on using the upgrade file to upgrade the software on your CDN devices.
In order to upgrade your CDN software manually, you must:
1. Create a manual upgrade channel that will distribute the updated license.
2. Subscribe any CDN devices requiring a software update to the manual upgrade channel.
3. Import software update files to the manual upgrade channel.
4. Distribute software update files to all devices marked for upgrade.
Once these steps are complete, you can use the Software Update feature to install the software upgrade files to subscribed devices. See the following sections below for more details on completing each step.
|
Note It is imperative that you upgrade the software on your Content Engines (CEs) before upgrading the software on your CDM. Once your CDM software has been upgraded, any remaining CEs that have not also been upgraded will be unable to communicate with the CDM. Contact Cisco Technical Support if you have any questions regarding the proper procedure for upgrading your CDN devices. |
To create a manual upgrade channel:
Step 1 Launch your web browser and point it to the CDM.
Step 2 Log on using your administrator logon.
Step 3 From the Channels menu, choose Channel Console.
Step 4 Click Add Channel.
Step 5 Check the check box next to the channel name Channel # and click Edit.
|
Note "Channel #" is the default channel name. If you have added other channels and have not renamed them, the channel that you added will be named "Channel #" (# being the next incremental number). |
Step 6 In the Name field, change the name of the channel to MANUAL_UPGRADE.
The channel must use this name (and letter case, as well) in order for it to function as an upgrade channel.
Step 7 In the Size Limit field, enter a value that accommodates your upgrade files.
For example, entering 1000 in the field provided and then clicking the MB button sets the size limit of the MANUAL_UPGRADE channel to 1000 MB.
Step 8 Check both the Auto Subscribe and Auto Replicate check boxes.
Step 9 Click Save Changes.
Once you have created your upgrade channel, subscribe all the devices requiring a software update to that channel.
Step 1 From the Channels menu, choose Subscriber.
Step 2 From the Channel Selector, choose the MANUAL_UPGRADE channel.
Step 3 In the Unsubscribed CEs column, click the unsubscribed devices that you would like subscribe to the upgrade channel. If you want to select all the devices in the list, you can click All instead of clicking them individually.
Step 4 Click Subscribe.
The selected CEs are subscribed to the MANUAL_UPGRADE channel and receive upgrade files once they are imported to the channel.
To unsubscribe CEs from the MANUAL_UPGRADE channel, refer to Chapter 3, "Working with the Content Delivery Network," in the Cisco Enterprise CDN Software User Guide for instructions on unsubscribing devices from a channel.
To import the software update files to the manual upgrade channel:
Step 1 From the Channels menu, choose Media Importer and follow the directions for importing the files you downloaded from Cisco.com using the web server, PC folders or FTP option.
Step 2 From the Channels menu, choose Import Progress to monitor the progress of your import.
When the import is finished, the import status is "complete." Wait 20 minutes before proceeding with the next step.
Step 3 Once you have imported your software upgrade to the manual upgrade channel, refer to the information on updating your CDN software to complete the upgrade process in Chapter 4, "Maintaining the System Software," of the Cisco Enterprise CDN Software User Guide.
The Cisco CDN Installation Wizard for the Cisco Enterprise CDN Software Version 3.0 has changed since the previous version. You can now also configure Content Routers (CRs) using the Installation Wizard.
Refer to the Cisco Enterprise CDN Software Configuration Guide Version 3.0 for information on using the updated Installation Wizard to activate your CDN devices.
The following section contains important notes about the Cisco Enterprise CDN Software Version 3.0 that are not covered in the standard product documentation.
|
Note What is referred to as a Multicast Server in the Cisco Entrerprise CDN documentation is the Digital Fountain Server. Please refer to the Digital Fountain documentation for procedures pertaining to the multicast server that cannot be performed through the CDM UI. |
There is a lag between the multicast server stopping the serving of a file and the UI updating the channel replication status to reflect this. To avoid overloading the server by importing new content while the server is still serving files, you need to (1) check the status on the Channel Console, and (2) check if the multicast server is serving files. Refer to the documentation accompanying your multicast server (Digital Fountain documentation) for the latter procedure.
The multicast server has a bandwidth limitation. The maximum transmission rate that it can handle is determined by what the bandwidth limitation of the multicast server you acquire is. If you try to replicate a large number of files via multicast, then the multicast server may serve only a few of these if the total transmission rate of the files (which you set on the Channel Settings page) exceeds the maximum bandwidth setting on the multicast server.
When setting up and configuring your Content Distribution Network, keep in mind that if the multicast-ttl for the Multicast Server is configured to be too low (through the Multicast Editor), then it may get dropped by some of the L3 hops after ttl count is reached. All CEs that lie more than ttl number of hops away will not get this file via multicast.
The maximum file size that the multicast server can replicate is 2 GB.
There is a limitation on the number of files that can be served by the multicast server. To calculate the maximum number of files that the multicast server can serve, perform the following calculations:
Step 1 Divide <average file size in multicast channel> / 128.
|
Note <average file size in multicast channel> must be in megabytes (MB). |
Step 2 Divide 140 / <the value you arrived at in Step 1>.
The value you arrive at in Step 2 is the maximum number of files you can have in your multicast channel.
If you try to have the multicast server serve more files than its configured bandwidth allows, then it does not serve the files which cause it to exceed its bandwidth limitation. Once the multicast server is in this state, removing all the uploads from it will not help it recover; you need to reboot the box.
If you overload the multicast server by pushing more uploads than the server can handle, it will not start the uploads that exceed its capacity. To prevent this, do not set Multicast Timeout (on the Multicast Editor page) to anything over 100,000 minutes.
If you want to manually start or stop the multicast server, then you need to allow the CDM enough time to recognize that the multicast server has gone offline or come online. After issuing the server stop shell command (refer to Digital Fountain documentation for this procedure), you need to wait 15 minutes before issuing the server start shell command. You can check the Multicast Console page to see whether or not the CDM has detected the change in device status.
When you set a new multicast timeout value, only files imported after the change will use this value; files that were imported before the change continue to use the old timeout value. To force the old files to use the new value, you need to create a new channel with the new timeout and move the files to this channel.
When CDN devices connect to routers or switches that have not been configured to automatically negotiate data transfer modes but have been configured to force the use of one data transfer mode (usually 100 Mbps full duplex), some customers have experienced slow performance and "choppy" playback of media from their CEs.
Decreased playback performance results because the CDN device Ethernet card switches from 100 Mbps full-duplex mode to 100 Mbps half-duplex mode, in which data transmission and reception cannot take place simultaneously.
Most Ethernet cards that negotiate duplex settings and port speeds are programmed to avoid conflicts when transmitting data by switching to half-duplex mode automatically when they detect that they are connected to a device (for example, a hub) that does not negotiate duplex mode and port speed. Ports that are configured to force the use of one duplex setting and port speed prompt this response.
We recommend making one of the two following changes to alleviate the problem of choppy media playback and slow performance resulting from this conflict:
The decision about which device to reconfigure should be made in consultation with your network administrators and in keeping with your own corporate Information Technology (IT) policies and procedures.
To change the configuration of the router or switch that your CDN devices connect to so that it negotiates duplex settings and speeds, refer to the installation or configuration documentation that came with the hardware.
If you are unsure of the correct procedure for reconfiguring your hardware, contact the manufacturer's technical support center before proceeding. For questions regarding your CDN software or Cisco hardware, contact Cisco's Technical Assistance Center (TAC). See the "Obtaining Technical Assistance" section for more information on contacting the TAC.
To change the configuration of the CDN device Ethernet card so that it uses full-duplex mode as a default instead of half-duplex mode when autonegotiation fails, use the administrative Set Ethernet Fallback feature. This feature forces your CDM or CE Ethernet card to use full-duplex mode by default, as opposed to half-duplex mode.
To change the Ethernet card to Full-Duplex mode:
Step 1 Launch your web browser.
Step 2 In the field provided for the web page URL, enter the following information, substituting the IP address of the CDM or CE where appropriate:
http://< CDN_DEVICE_IP_ADDRESS>/cgi-bin/restricted/set-mii-fd
You are prompted to log on to the device.
Step 3 Enter the administrative username and password and click OK. For example:
User Name: admin
Password: default
The Set Ethernet Fallback dialog box appears.
Step 4 Click the drop-down list and choose Full Duplex from the list.
Step 5 Click Submit Change.
A message appears, confirming the default mode that will be used by the Ethernet card when autonegotiation fails.
Step 6 Reboot the device. Refer to Chapter 4, "Maintaining the System Software," in the Cisco Enterprise CDN Software User Guide for instructions on rebooting CDN devices.
If autonegotiation with the router fails, the device will use the duplex mode you specified.
For questions regarding your CDN software or Cisco hardware, contact the TAC. See the "Obtaining Technical Assistance" section for more information on contacting the TAC.
The following sections list resolved and open caveats for the Cisco Enterprise CDN Software
Version 3.0.
The following caveats are open (unresolved) at the time of shipment.
The following caveats have been resolved for the Version 3.0 release.
The following sections detail changes or additions to the Cisco Enterprise CDN Software documentation as well as omissions to the published Enterprise CDN Software Version 3.0 documents.
Changes to the Cisco Enterprise CDN Software documentation are listed below. Changes common to all documents are listed first. Following that, changes are grouped by document.
The Cisco Enterprise CDN includes support for LAN-based back-channel multicasting of media as part of its support for RealNetworks' RealServer version 7. This feature, which is built into the RealServer 7 release, enables CDN installations to conserve network bandwidth by sending a single media stream to multiple clients on a LAN, rather than streaming media to each requesting client individually.
Back-channel multicasting streams content between the RealServer and clients while maintaining a simultaneous accounting control channel between each client and the RealServer. This extra control channel is used to transmit authentication information as well as client commands like "start" and "stop." Back-channel multicasting enables the RealServer to track client behavior and display statistics during viewing, including real-time data on the number of clients receiving a presentation. Data collected can be reviewed and analyzed using the Java Monitor or RealSystem Administrator.
Once enabled, back-channel multicasting is applied to all streams broadcast from your RealServer. Clients that have been preconfigured to use multicasting will do so, maximizing the bandwidth available to multicasting and unicasting clients alike.
Although you typically use the built-in administrative features of RealServer to configure multicasting, it is possible to enable multicasting remotely from your Content Distribution Manager interface.
To use the Content Distribution Manager to enable multicasting:
Step 1 Launch your Web browser and navigate to the Enable Multicast interface at the following address:
http:// your_Content_Distribution_Manager_ip_address/cgi-bin/mc
where your_Content_Distribution_Manager_ip_address represents the IP address or DNS domain name of your Content Distribution Manager.
Step 2 With the Enable Multicast options displayed in your browser window, click the Enable Multicast drop-down list and choose Yes.
This enables the multicasting feature on the RealServer used by your Content Distribution Manager.
Step 3 Enter the range of addresses to which you will be sending multicast streams in the IP Address Range fields.
Remember that broadcasts of video content require two addresses—one for video content and one for audio content. Refer to "Calculating Addresses for Back-Channel Multicasts" in the RealServer Version 7 Administration Guide for more information. The RealServer uses the first available address in the range you specify.
Step 4 Set the maximum distance that streamed packets can travel over a network, as measured in hops from one multicast-enabled router to another, by entering a Time To Live value in the Time to Live field provided.
Each time a multicast data packet passes through a multicast-enabled router, its Time To Live value is decreased by 1. Once the value reaches 0, the RealServer discards the packet.
|
Note For typical networks, a Time To Live value of 16 is adequate to keep packets within the network. |
Step 5 Click Set when you are finished.
The multicast settings are saved back to the RealServer used by your Content Distribution Manager.
To add a list of media files from a channel to the play list, launch your web browser and point it to the following URL:
http://< CE IP>/cgi/videocontrol?OP=PLAYLIST&CMD=ADD-BY-NAME&CHANNEL-NAME=<channel
name>&FILENAME=<file1,file2,...>
<CE IP>: IP address of the CE
<channel name>: Name of the channel from which media files are to be added to the playlist
<file1,file2 >: List of media files to be added to the playlist. Filenames should be separated by commas.
To delete the list of media files belonging to the play list, launch your web browser and point it to the following URL:
http://< CE IP>/cgi/videocontrol?OP=PLAYLIST&CMD=REMOVE-BY-NAME&CHANNEL-NAME=<channel
name>&FILENAME=<file1,file2,...>
<CE IP>: IP address of the CE
<channel name>: Name of the channel to which media files to be removed belong
<file1,file2 >: List of media files to be removed from the playlist. Filenames should be separated by commas.
To clear the playlist, launch your web browser and point it to the following URL:
http://< CE IP>/cgi/videocontrol?OP=PLAYLIST&CMD=CLEAR
<CE IP>: IP address of the CE
To define start and stop times for playing the playlist, launch your web browser and point it to the following URL:
http://< CE IP>/cgi/videocontrol?OP=PLAYTIMES&CMD=ADD&EVENT=<start time>,<stop time>>
<CE IP>: IP address of the CE
<start time>: Start time in seconds since 1970
<stop time>: Stop time in seconds since 1970
|
Note The start/top time (in seconds from epoch) must be based on accurate GMT/UTC time; this is then translated into the local time of the TVout device. |
To remove the defined schedules from the playlist, launch your web browser and point it to the following URL:
http://< CE IP>/cgi/videocontrol?OP=PLAYTIMES&CMD=REMOVE&EVENT=<start time>,<stop time>
<CE IP>: IP address of the CE
<start time>: Start time in seconds since 1970
<stop time>: Stop time in seconds since 1970
|
Note The start/top time (in seconds from epoch) must be based on accurate GMT/UTC time; this is then translated into the local time of the TVout device. |
To clear all schedules defined for the playlist, launch your web browser and point it to the following URL:
http://< CE IP>/cgi/videocontrol?OP=PLAYTIMES&CMD=CLEAR
<CE IP>: IP address of the CE
To play the programs from the playlist, launch your web browser and point it to the following URL:
http://< CE IP>/cgi/videocontrol?OP=CONTROL&CMD=PLAY
<CE IP>: IP address of the CE
To stop playback, launch your web browser and point it to the following URL:
http://< CE IP>/cgi/videocontrol?OP=CONTROL&CMD=STOP
<CE IP>: IP address of the CE
To pause playback, launch your web browser and point it to the following URL:
http://< CE IP>/cgi/videocontrol?OP=CONTROL&CMD=PAUSE
<CE IP>: IP address of the CE
To play the next program, while the playlist is playing, launch your web browser and point it to the following URL:
http://< CE IP>/cgi/videocontrol?OP=CONTROL&CMD=NEXT
<CE IP>: IP address of the CE
To play the previous program, while the playlist is playing, launch your web browser and point it to the following URL:
http://< CE IP>/cgi/videocontrol?OP=CONTROL&CMD=BACK
<CE IP>: IP address of the CE
To restart playback, launch your web browser and point it to the following URL:
http://< CE IP>/cgi/videocontrol?OP=CONTROL&CMD=RESTART
<CE IP>: IP address of the CE
To set the playlist to loop to the beginning of the playlist when it reaches the end, launch your web browser and point it to the following URL:
http://< CE IP>/cgi/videocontrol?OP=FEATURE&CMD=LOOP&VALUE=<flag>
<CE IP>: IP address of the CE
<flag>: Set this to 1 or 0, to enable or disable the loop setting respectively
To set the playlist to play programs in random order, launch your web browser and point it to the following URL:
http://< CE IP>/cgi/videocontrol?OP=FEATURE&CMD=RANDOM&VALUE=<flag>
<CE IP>: IP address of the CE
<flag>: Set this to 1 or 0, to enable or disable the random order setting respectively
To get status, launch your web browser and point it to the following URL:
http://< CE IP>/cgi/videocontrol?OP=FEATURE&CMD=STATUS
<CE IP>: IP address of the CE
The Cisco Enterprise CDN software comes with both printed documentation and online help to assist you in learning to use the features of the CDN. Refer to the following documents when you have questions regarding the CDN software.
In addition, you can find information related to the installation, configuration, and maintenance of your CDN hardware in the following Cisco Systems documents:
The following sections provide sources for obtaining documentation from Cisco Systems.
You can access the most current Cisco documentation on the World Wide Web at the following sites:
Cisco documentation and additional literature are available in a CD-ROM package, which ships with your product. The Documentation CD-ROM is updated monthly and may be more current than printed documentation. The CD-ROM package is available as a single unit or as an annual subscription.
Cisco documentation is available in the following ways:
If you are reading Cisco product documentation on the World Wide Web, you can submit technical comments electronically. Click Feedback in the toolbar and select Documentation. After you complete the form, click Submit to send it to Cisco.
You can e-mail your comments to bug-doc@cisco.com.
To submit your comments by mail, use the response card behind the front cover of your document, or write to the following address:
Attn Document Resource Connection
Cisco Systems, Inc.
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, CA 95134-9883
We appreciate your comments.
Cisco provides Cisco.com as a starting point for all technical assistance. Customers and partners can obtain documentation, troubleshooting tips, and sample configurations from online tools. For Cisco.com registered users, additional troubleshooting tools are available from the TAC website.
Cisco.com is the foundation of a suite of interactive, networked services that provides immediate, open access to Cisco information and resources at anytime, from anywhere in the world. This highly integrated Internet application is a powerful, easy-to-use tool for doing business with Cisco.
Cisco.com provides a broad range of features and services to help customers and partners streamline business processes and improve productivity. Through Cisco.com, you can find information about Cisco and our networking solutions, services, and programs. In addition, you can resolve technical issues with online technical support, download and test software packages, and order Cisco learning materials and merchandise. Valuable online skill assessment, training, and certification programs are also available.
Customers and partners can self-register on Cisco.com to obtain additional personalized information and services. Registered users can order products, check on the status of an order, access technical support, and view benefits specific to their relationships with Cisco.
To access Cisco.com, go to the following website:
The Cisco TAC website is available to all customers who need technical assistance with a Cisco product or technology that is under warranty or covered by a maintenance contract.
If you have a priority level 3 (P3) or priority level 4 (P4) problem, contact TAC by going to the TAC website:
P3 and P4 level problems are defined as follows:
In each of the above cases, use the Cisco TAC website to quickly find answers to your questions.
To register for Cisco.com, go to the following website:
http://www.cisco.com/register/
If you cannot resolve your technical issue by using the TAC online resources, Cisco.com registered users can open a case online by using the TAC Case Open tool at the following website:
http://www.cisco.com/tac/caseopen
If you have a priority level 1(P1) or priority level 2 (P2) problem, contact TAC by telephone and immediately open a case. To obtain a directory of toll-free numbers for your country, go to the following website:
http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/687/Directory/DirTAC.shtml
P1 and P2 level problems are defined as follows:
This document is to be used in conjunction with the documents listed in the "Related Documentation" section.
The RealServer(TM) is included under license from RealNetworks, Inc. Copyright 1995-2000, RealNetworks, Inc. All rights reserved.
AccessPath, AtmDirector, Browse with Me, CCDA, CCDE, CCDP, CCIE, CCNA, CCNP, CCSI, CD-PAC, CiscoLink, the Cisco NetWorks logo, the Cisco Powered Network logo, Cisco Systems Networking Academy, the Cisco Systems Networking Academy logo, Fast Step, Follow Me Browsing, FormShare, FrameShare, GigaStack, IGX, Internet Quotient, IP/VC, iQ Breakthrough, iQ Expertise, iQ FastTrack, the iQ Logo, iQ Net Readiness Scorecard, MGX, the Networkers logo, Packet, PIX, RateMUX, ScriptBuilder, ScriptShare, SlideCast, SMARTnet, TransPath, Unity, Voice LAN, Wavelength Router, and WebViewer are trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc.; Changing the Way We Work, Live, Play, and Learn, Discover All That's Possible, and Empowering the Internet Generation, are service marks of Cisco Systems, Inc.; and Aironet, ASIST, BPX, Catalyst, Cisco, the Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert logo, Cisco IOS, the Cisco IOS logo, Cisco Systems, Cisco Systems Capital, the Cisco Systems logo, Enterprise/Solver, EtherChannel, EtherSwitch, FastHub, FastSwitch, IOS, IP/TV, LightStream, MICA, Network Registrar, Post-Routing, Pre-Routing, Registrar, StrataView Plus, Stratm, SwitchProbe, TeleRouter, and VCO are registered trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the U.S. and certain other countries.
All other brands, names, or trademarks mentioned in this document or Web site are the property of their respective owners. The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company. (0103R)
Copyright © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Posted: Tue Oct 1 02:41:39 PDT 2002
All contents are Copyright © 1992--2002 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Important Notices and Privacy Statement.