System Image, Microcode Image, and Configuration File Load Commands

Syntax Description

Default

If no extended BOOTP commands are entered, the router software generates a gateway and subnet mask appropriate for the local network.

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

Use the EXEC command show async-bootp to list the configured parameters. Use the no
async-bootp command to clear the list.

Examples

The following example illustrates how to specify different boot files: one for a PC, and one for a Macintosh. With this configuration, a BOOTP request from the host on 128.128.1.1 results in a reply listing the boot filename as pcboot. A BOOTP request from the host named mac results in a reply listing the boot filename as macboot.

The following example specifies a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0:

The following example specifies a negative time offset of the local subnetwork of -3600 seconds:

The following example specifies the IP address of a time server:

Related Command

Syntax Description

Default

If you enter the boot command and press Return, the router boots from ROM by default.

If you enter the boot flash command without a filename, the first valid file in Flash memory is loaded.

For other defaults, see the Syntax Description section.

Command Mode

Usage Guidelines

Use this command only when your router cannot find the configuration information needed in nonvolatile random-access memory (NVRAM). To get to the ROM monitor prompt (>), enter the reload EXEC command, and then press the Break key during the first 60 seconds of startup, or change the boot bits in the configuration register to zero (for manual booting) and then issue the reload command.

Refer to the Cisco 7000 Hardware Installation and Maintenance publication for the correct jumper settings for the Cisco 7000 series.

Examples

In the following example, the router is manually booted from ROM:

The following example shows the boot flash command without the filename argument.The first valid file in Flash memory is loaded.

In the following example, the boot flash command is used with the filename gs7-k. That is the file that will be loaded.

In the following example, the boot flash flash command boots the relocatable image file igs-bpx-l from partition 2 in Flash memory:

Related Command

Syntax Description

Default

There is no default Flash device or filename.

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

Use this command only with the Cisco 7500 series. The boot bootldr command sets the BOOTLDR environment variable in the current running configuration. You must specify both the device and the filename.

The no form of the command sets the BOOTLDR environment variable to a null string. On the Cisco 7500 series, a null string causes the first image file in bootflash to be used as the rxboot image that ROM uses for booting.

Example

The following example specifies that the Flash memory card inserted in slot 0 of the RSP card contains the rxboot image:

Related Commands

Use this command when you have attempted to load a system image but have run out of memory even after compressing the system image. Secondary bootstrap allows you to load a larger system image through a smaller secondary image.

Example

In the following example, the system image file sysimage-2 will be loaded by using a secondary bootstrap image:

Syntax Description

Default

Buffer size of the NVRAM

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

Normally, the router uses a buffer the size of the system NVRAM to hold configuration commands read from the network. You can increase this size if you have a very complex configuration.

Example

The following example sets the buffer size to 64000:

Syntax Description

Default

NVRAM (nvram:)

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

Use this command only with the Cisco 7500 series. You set the CONFIG_FILE environment variable in the current running memory when you use the boot config command. This variable specifies the configuration file used for initialization (startup).

If you specify nvram: as the device, and it contains only a distilled version of the configuration, the router displays an error message and does not update the CONFIG_FILE environment variable. (A distilled configuration is one that does not contain access lists.) If you specify a configuration file in the filename argument that does not exist or is not valid, the router displays an error message and does not update the CONFIG_FILE environment variable.

The router uses the NVRAM configuration during initialization when the CONFIG_FILE environment variable does not exist or when it is null (such as at first-time startup). If the router detects a problem with NVRAM or the configuration it contains, the router enters setup mode. Refer to the Router Products Getting Started Guide for more information on the setup command facility.

When you use the no form of this command, the router returns to using the NVRAM configuration as the startup configuration.

Examples

The following example instructs a Cisco 7500 series router to use the configuration file router-config located on the Flash memory card inserted in the second PCMCIA slot of the RSP card during initialization. The second line copies the specification to the startup configuration, ensuring that this specification will take effect upon the next reload:

Related Commands

Syntax Description

Default

The default filename is network-config. The default transfer protocol type is TFTP, if neither tftp nor rcp is specified.

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

The rcp software requires that a client send the remote username on each rcp request to the network server. When the boot network rcp command is executed, the router software sends the router host name as the both the remote and local usernames. The rcp implementation searches for the configuration files to be used relative to the account directory of the remote username on the network server, if the server has a directory structure, for example, as do UNIX systems.

If you copy the system image to a personal computer used as a file server, the remote host computer must support the remote shell (rsh) protocol.

Examples

The following example changes the network configuration filename to bridge_9.1 and uses the default broadcast address:

The following example changes the network configuration filename to bridge_9.1, specifies that rcp is to be used as the transport mechanism, and gives 131.108.1.111 as the IP address of the server on which the network configuration file resides:

Related Commands

You can force the router to stop booting by pressing the Break key during the first 60 seconds of startup. The router will enter ROM Monitor mode, where you can change the configuration register or boot the router manually.

For routers with the RSP card (Cisco 7500 series), valid devices are bootflash, slot0, slot1, and tftp. On the Cisco 7500 series, the following forms of the boot system command specify a list of bootable images in the BOOT environment variable:

• boot system flash bootflash:[filename]
  no boot system flash bootflash:[filename]
  
  
• boot system flash slot0:[filename]
  no boot system flash slot0:[filename]
  
  
• boot system flash slot1:[filename]
  no boot system flash slot1:[filename]
  
  
• boot system tftp filename [ip-address]
  no boot system tftp filename [ip-address]
  
  

If an entry in the BOOT environment variable list does not specify a device, the router assumes the device is tftp. When tftp is the device, the router first loads the rxboot image to boot the system image file from a network server. If an entry in the BOOT environment variable list specifies an invalid device, the router skips that entry. To view the contents of the BOOT environment variable, use the show boot command.

To remove a single entry from the bootable image list, use the no form of a specific command. For example, to remove the entry that specifies a bootable image on a Flash memory card inserted in the second slot of the RSP card, use the no boot system flash slot1:[filename] command. All other entries in the list remain.

To eliminate all entries in the bootable image list, use the no boot system command. Issuing this command sets the BOOT environment variable to a null string, wiping out all entries. At this point, you can redefine the list of bootable images using the previous boot system commands. Remember to save your changes to your startup configuration by issuing the write memory or copy running-config startup-config command.

Examples

The following example illustrates a list specifying two possible internetwork locations for a system image, with the ROM software being used as a backup:

The following example boots the system boot relocatable image file igs-bpx-l from partition 2 of the Flash device:

The following example instructs the router to boot from an image located on the Flash memory card inserted in slot 0 of the Cisco 7500 series RSP card:

Related Commands

Syntax Description

Default

For the Cisco 7500 series, slot0 is the initial default device and the default device when you omit the device: argument.

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

Use this command only with the Cisco 7500 series. For all EXEC commands that have an optional device: argument, the system uses the device specified by the cd command when you omit the optional device: argument. For example, the dir command contains an optional device: argument and displays a list of files on a Flash memory device. When you omit this device: argument, the system shows a list of the files on the Flash device specified by the cd command.

Example

The following example sets the default device to the Flash memory card inserted in slot 0 of the RSP card:

Related Commands

• If you set the configuration register value to 0x100, you must boot the operating system manually with the boot command.
  
  
• If you set the configuration register value to 0x101, the router boots using the default ROM software.
  
  
• If you set the configuration register to any value from 0x102 to 0x10F, the router uses the boot field value to form a default boot filename for netbooting.
  
  

For more information about the configuration register bit settings and default filenames, see the appropriate router hardware installation guide.

Example

In the following example, the configuration register is set to boot the system image from Flash memory:

Related Commands

Syntax Description

Default

If you omit the source or destination device, the router uses the default device specified by the cd command. If you omit the destination filename, the router uses the source filename.

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

Use this copy command with the Cisco 7500 series.

When the destination is specified by the CONFIG_FILE or BOOTLDR environment variable, the router prompts you for confirmation before proceeding with the copy. When the destination is the only valid image in the BOOT environment variable, the router also prompts you for confirmation before proceeding with the copy.

The CONFIG_FILE environment variable specifies the configuration used during router initialization. The BOOTLDR environment variable specifies the Flash device and filename containing the rxboot image that ROM uses for booting. The BOOT environment variable specifies a list of bootable images on various devices. To view the contents of environment variables, use the show boot command. To modify the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, use the boot config command. To modify the BOOTLDR environment variable use the boot bootldr command. To modify the BOOT environment variable, use the boot system command. To save your modifications, use the write memory command.

If you do not specify a source or destination device, the router uses the default device specified by the cd command.

Examples

The following example copies the router-config1 file from the internal Flash memory of a Cisco 7500 series router to the router-backupconfig file on the Flash memory card inserted in the first slot of the RSP card:

In the following example, the router copies the router-image file from the Flash memory card inserted in slot 0 of the RSP card on a Cisco 7500 series to the startup configuration:

The following example copies the NVRAM configuration file to the router-backupconfig file on the Flash memory card inserted in slot 0 of the RSP card:

Related Commands

Syntax Description

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

Use the copy bootflash rcp command to copy a bootstrap image from Flash memory to a network server using rcp. The rcp protocol requires that a client send the remote username of an rcp request to the server. When you issue the copy bootflash rcp command, by default the router software sends the username associated with the current TTY, if that name is valid. For example, if the user is connected to the router through Telnet and the user was authenticated through the username command, then the router software sends that username as the remote username.

The exclamation points (!) indicate that the copy process is taking place. Each exclamation point (!) indicates that ten packets have been transferred successfully.

Related Commands

Syntax Description

Default

On the Cisco 7500 series, if you omit the destination device, the router uses the default device specified by the cd command. If you omit the destination filename, the router uses the source filename.

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

On all platforms except the Cisco 7500 series, the copy flash command copies from internal Flash memory.

On the Cisco 7500 series, the copy flash command copies from one of the three Flash memory devices on the Cisco 7500 series. The system prompts you to enter a specific device and filename. You can enter one of the following as the source device on the Cisco 7500 series:

• bootflash:. This device is the internal Flash memory in the router.
  
  
• slot0:. This device is the first PCMCIA slot on the RSP card.
  
  
• slot1:. This device is the second PCMCIA slot on the RSP card.
  
  

You must follow the source device with a colon (:) and a filename.

Use the copy flash rcp command to copy a system image from Flash memory to a network server using rcp. You can use the copy of the system image as a backup copy. You can also use it to verify that the copy in Flash memory is the same as the original file.

The rcp software requires that a client send the remote username on each rcp request to the server. When you issue the copy flash rcp command, by default the router software sends the remote username associated with the current TTY, if that name is valid. For example, if the user is connected to the router through Telnet and was authenticated through the username command, then the router software sends that username as the remote username.

If the TTY username is invalid, the router software uses the router host name as the both the remote and local usernames.

To specify a different remote username to be sent to the server, use the ip rcmd remote-username command. You can also specify the path of an existing directory along with the remote username.

Caution an account on the destination server. If you do not use the ip rcmd remote-username command to specify the name of a remote user associated with an account on the server, then the remote username associated with the current TTY process must be associated with an account on the server. If there is no username for the current TTY process, then the router host name must be associated with an account on the server. If the network administrator of the destination server did not establish accounts for the remote username used, this command will not execute successfully when a default remote username is used.

The rcp server must be properly configured to accept the rcp write request from the user on the router. For UNIX systems, you must add an entry to the .rhosts file for the remote user on the rcp server. For example, if the router contains the following configuration lines:

and the router's IP address translates to Router1.company.com, then the .rhosts file for User0 on the rcp server should contain the following line:

Refer to the documentation for your rcp server for more details.

If you copy the system image to a personal computer used as a file server, the computer must support the rsh protocol.

Use the copy flash tftp command to copy a system image from Flash memory to a TFTP server. As with the copy flash rcp command, you can use the copy of the system image as a backup or to verify that the copy in Flash is the same as the original file.

On the Cisco 7500 series, when the destination is also specified by the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, the router prompts you for confirmation before proceeding with the copy. The CONFIG_FILE environment variable specifies the configuration used during router initialization. To view the contents of the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, use the show boot command. To modify the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, use the boot config command. To save your modifications to the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, use the write memory or copy running-config startup-config command.

Examples

The exclamation points (!) indicate that the copy process is taking place. Each exclamation point (!) indicates that ten packets have been transferred successfully.

The system will prompt if there are two or more partitions. If the partition entered is not valid, the process terminates. You have the option to enter a partition number, a question mark (?) for a directory display of all partitions, or a question mark and a number (?number) for a directory display of a particular partition. The default is the first partition.

The file will be copied from the partition given by the user earlier:

The system will prompt if there are two or more partitions. If the partition entered is not valid, the process terminates. You have the option to enter a partition number, a question mark (?) for a directory display of all partitions, or a question mark and a number (?number) for a directory display of a particular partition. The default is the first partition.

The file will be copied from the partition given by the user earlier:

The following example shows how to use the copy flash command on the Cisco 7500 series:

Related Commands

To copy a file from a MOP server to the router, use one of the following the copy mop EXEC commands:

Syntax Description

Default

None

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

The Cisco 7500 series does not support the copy mop command.

Use the copy mop bootflash command to copy a bootstrap image from a MOP server to the internal Flash memory on a Cisco 4500 series router. The router prompts for the name of the image file. It provides an option to erase the existing boot image in Flash before writing the new image into Flash. If no free space is available, or if files have never been written to Flash memory, you must erase Flash memory before copying the MOP image.

You do not need to specify the address of a MOP server. The router automatically solicits a MOP boot server for the specified file by sending a multicast file-request message.

The copying process takes several minutes; the actual time differs from network to network.

Caution If the checksum values do not match, do not reboot the router. Instead, reissue the copy mop bootflash command and compare the checksums again. If the checksum is repeatedly wrong, copy the original boot software image back into Flash memory before you reboot the router from Flash memory.

Use the copy mop flash command to copy a system image from a MOP server to internal Flash memory. MOP must be enabled on the relevant interfaces before you can use this command.

The router prompts for the MOP filename. It provides an option to erase existing Flash memory before writing onto it. The entire copying process takes several minutes and will differ from network to network.

Caution If the checksum value is not correct according to the value in the README file, do not reboot the router. Issue the copy mop flash command and compare the checksums again. If the checksum is repeatedly wrong, copy the original system software image back into Flash memory before you reboot the router from Flash memory. If you have a corrupted image in Flash memory and try to boot from Flash memory, the router will start the system image contained in ROM (assuming booting from a network server is not configured). If ROM does not contain a fully functional system image, the router might not function and will have to be reconfigured through a direct console port connection.

Examples

If the partition is read-only and has dual Flash bank support in boot ROMs, the session continues as follows:

The file will be copied into the partition given by the user earlier:

If the partition is read-write, the session continues as follows:

The file will be copied into the partition given by the user earlier:

The following example shows how to use the copy mop bootflash command to copy the bootstrap image junk:

Related Commands

Syntax Description

Default

On the Cisco 7500 series, if you omit the destination device, the router uses the default device specified by the cd command. If you omit the destination filename, the router uses the source filename.

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

The rcp protocol requires that a client send the remote username of an rcp request to the server. When you issue one of the copy rcp commands, by default the router software sends the username associated with the current TTY, if that name is valid. For example, if the user is connected to the router through Telnet and the user was authenticated through the username command, then the router software sends that username as the remote username.

If the TTY username is invalid, the router software uses the router host name as the both the remote and local usernames. To specify a different remote username to be sent to the rcp server, use the ip rcmd remote-username command. You can also specify the path of an existing directory along with the remote username.

Caution The remote username must be associated with an account on the destination server. If you do not use the ip rcmd remote-username command to specify the name of a remote user associated with an account on the server, then the remote username associated with the current TTY process must be associated with an account on the server. If there is no username for the current TTY process, then the router host name must be associated with an account on the server. If the network administrator of the destination server did not establish accounts for the remote username used, this command will not execute successfully when a default remote username is used.

If you copy a bootstrap image, system image, or configuration file from a personal computer used as a file server, the remote host computer must support rsh protocol.

Use the copy rcp bootflash command to copy a bootstrap image from a network server to Flash memory on a Cisco 4500 router using rcp. The router prompts for the name or address of the server and the name of the file to be copied. It provides an option to erase existing Flash memory before writing onto it, and allows you to confirm the erasure. The entire copying process takes several minutes and differs from network to network.

Before loading the router from Flash memory, verify that the checksum of the bootstrap image in Flash memory matches the checksum listed in the README file that was distributed with the system software image.

Caution If the checksum value does not match the value in the README file, do not reboot the router. Reissue the copy rcp bootflash command and compare the checksums again. If the checksum is repeatedly wrong, copy the original bootstrap image back into Flash memory before you reboot the router from Flash memory. If you have a corrupted image in Flash memory and try to boot from Flash, the router will start the system image contained in ROM (assuming booting from a network server is not configured).

Use the copy rcp flash to copy a system image from a network server to the router's internal Flash memory using rcp. The router prompts for the address of the rcp server and rcp filename. When you issue this command, the system provides an option to erase existing Flash memory before writing onto it. The entire copying process takes several minutes and differs from network to network.

Use the copy rcp startup-config command to copy a configuration file from a network server to the router's startup configuration environment using rcp.

On all platforms except the Cisco 7500 series, the copy rcp startup-config command copies a configuration file from the network server to NVRAM. On the Cisco 7500 series, the command copies a configuration file from the network server to the location specified by the CONFIG_FILE environment variable. The CONFIG_FILE environment variable specifies the configuration used during router initialization.

On the Cisco 7500 series, the copy rcp command generally copies a file from a network server to another destination using rcp. If you do not specify a source or destination device, the router uses the default device specified by the cd command.

On the Cisco 7500 series, when the destination is also specified by the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, the router prompts you for confirmation before proceeding with the copy. To view the contents of the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, use the show boot command. To modify the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, use the boot config command. To save your modifications, use the write memory or copy running-config startup-config command.

Examples

The exclamation points (!) indicate that the copy process is taking place. Each exclamation point (!) indicates that ten packets have been transferred successfully.

If the partition is read-only and has dual Flash bank support in boot ROM, the session continues as follows:

The file will be copied into the partition given by the user earlier:

If the partition is read-write, the session continues as follows:

The file will be copied into the partition given by the user earlier:

The following example uses the copy rcp file_id command to copy the router-image file from a network server using rcp to the Flash memory card inserted in slot 0 of the RSP card:

Related Commands

Syntax Description

Default

On the Cisco 7500 series, if you omit the destination device, the router uses the default device specified by the cd command. If you omit the destination filename, the router uses the source filename.

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

The rcp protocol requires that a client send the remote username of an rcp request to the server. When you issue the copy running-config rcp command, by default the router software sends the username associated with the current TTY, if that name is valid. For example, if the user is connected to the router through Telnet and the user was authenticated through the username command, then the router software sends that username as the remote username.

If the TTY username is invalid, the router software uses the router host name as the both the remote and local usernames.

To specify a different remote username to be sent to the server, use the ip rcmd remote-username command. You can also specify the path of an existing directory along with the remote username.

Caution The remote username must be associated with an account on the destination server. If you do not use the ip rcmd remote-username command to specify the name of a remote user associated with an account on the server, then the remote username associated with the current TTY process must be associated with an account on the server. If there is no username for the current TTY process, then the router host name must be associated with an account on the server. If the network administrator of the destination server did not establish accounts for the remote username used, this command will not execute successfully when a default remote username is used.

The rcp server must be properly configured to accept the rcp write request from the user on the router. For UNIX systems, you must add an entry to the .rhosts file for the remote user on the rcp server. For example, if the router contains the following configuration lines:

and the router's IP address translates to Router1.company.com, then the .rhosts file for User0 on the rcp server should contain the following line:

Refer to the documentation for your rcp server for more details.

If you copy the configuration file to a personal computer used as a file server, the computer must support the rsh protocol.

To run this command, the router must contain Flash memory.

If you issue the copy running-config startup-config command from a bootstrap system image, you receive a warning instructing you to indicate whether you want your previous NVRAM configuration to be overwritten and configuration commands lost. This warning does not appear if NVRAM contains an invalid configuration or if the previous configuration in NVRAM was generated by a bootstrap system image.

On the Cisco 7500 series, the copy running-config startup-config command copies the currently running configuration to the location specified by the CONFIG_FILE environment variable. This variable specifies the device and configuration file used for initialization. When the CONFIG_FILE environment variable points to NVRAM or when this variable does not exist (such as at first-time startup), the router writes the current configuration to NVRAM. If the current configuration is too large for NVRAM, the router displays a message and stops executing the command. Use this command in conjunction with the reload command to restart the router with the configuration information stored in the CONFIG_FILE environment variable.

When the CONFIG_FILE environment variable specifies a valid device other than nvram: (that is, flash, bootflash, slot0, or slot1), the router writes the current configuration to the specified device and filename and stores a distilled version of the configuration in NVRAM. A distilled version of the configuration is one that does not contain access list information. If NVRAM already contains a copy of a complete configuration, the router prompts you to confirm the copy.

To view the contents of the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, use the show boot command. To modify the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, use the boot config command. To save your modifications to the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, use the copy running-config startup-config command.

Examples

The following example shows how to use the copy running-config rcp command on a Cisco 4500 system. The interface may differ slightly on other systems. This example specifies a remote username of netadmin1. Then it copies the running configuration file, named Rtr2-confg to the netadmin1 directory on the remote host with an IP address of 131.108.101.101.

Enter no to escape writing the configuration information to memory.

In the following example, a Cisco 7500 series router copies the running configuration to the startup configuration specified by the CONFIG_FILE variable:

The following example copies the running configuration to a file named router-confg1 on the Flash memory card inserted in slot 0 of the RSP card on a Cisco 7500 series:

Related Commands

Syntax Description

Default

On the Cisco 7500 series, if you omit the destination device, the router uses the default device specified by the cd command. If you omit the destination filename, the router uses the source filename.

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

On all platforms except the Cisco 7500 series, this command copies the contents of the configuration file in NVRAM to a network server or to the currently running configuration.

On the Cisco 7500 series, the command copies the configuration file pointed to by the CONFIG_FILE environment variable to another destination. To view the contents of the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, use the show boot command. To modify the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, use the boot config command. To save your modifications to the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, use the write memory or copy running-config startup-config command.

The rcp protocol requires that a client send the remote username of an rcp request to the server. When you issue the copy startup-config rcp command, by default the router software sends the username associated with the current TTY, if that name is valid. For example, if the user is connected to the router through Telnet and the user was authenticated through the username command, then the router software sends that username as the remote username.

If the TTY username is invalid, the router software uses the router host name as the both the remote and local usernames.

To specify a different remote username to be sent to the server, use the ip rcmd remote-username command. You can also specify the path of an existing directory along with the remote username.

Caution The remote username must be associated with an account on the destination server. If you do not use the ip rcmd remote-username command to specify the name of a remote user associated with an account on the server, then the remote username associated with the current TTY process must be associated with an account on the server. If there is no username for the current TTY process, then the router host name must be associated with an account on the server. If the network administrator of the destination server did not establish accounts for the remote username used, this command will not execute successfully when a default remote username is used.

The rcp server must be properly configured to accept the rcp write request from the user on the router. For UNIX systems, you must add an entry to the .rhosts file for the remote user on the rcp server. For example, if the router contains the following configuration lines:

and the router's IP address translates to Router1.company.com, then the .rhosts file for User0 on the rcp server should contain the following line:

Refer to the documentation for your rcp server for more details.

If you copy the configuration file to a personal computer used as a server, the computer must support the rsh protocol.

Examples

On a Cisco 7500 series, the following example uses the copy startup-config command to copy the startup configuration file (specified by the CONFIG_FILE environment variable) to a Flash memory card inserted in slot 0 of the RSP card:

Related Commands

Syntax Description

Default

On the Cisco 7500 series, if you omit the destination device, the router uses the default device specified by the cd command. If you omit the destination filename, the router uses the source filename.

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

The system prompts for the address of the TFTP server and TFTP filename if you do not provide them at the command line. When copying to internal Flash memory, the system provides an option to erase existing internal Flash memory before writing onto it. The entire copying process takes several minutes and differs from network to network.

Examples

The following example shows how to use copy tftp bootflash command:

If the partition is read-only and has dual Flash bank support in boot ROM, the session continues as follows:

The file will be copied into the partition given by the user earlier:

If the partition is read-write, the session continues as follows:

The file will be copied into the partition given by the user earlier:

Related Commands

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

The copy verify command works on Cisco 3000 series, Cisco 4000 series, and Cisco 7000 series routers only. The Cisco 7500 series does not support this command.

Each system software or microcode image that is distributed on disk uses a single checksum for the entire image. This checksum is displayed only when the image is copied into Flash memory; it is not displayed when the image file is copied from one disk to another.

The README file (which is included with the image on the disk) lists the name, file size, and checksum of the image. Review the contents of the README file before loading or duplicating the new image so that you can verify the checksum when you copy it into the Flash memory or onto a TFTP server.

To display the contents of Flash memory, use the show flash or show flash all command. The Flash content listing does not include the checksum of individual files. To recompute and verify the image checksum after the image is copied into Flash memory, use the copy verify command. When you enter the command, the screen prompts you for the filename to verify. By default, it prompts for the last file in Flash (most recent). Press Return to recompute the default file checksum or enter the filename of a different file at the prompt.

Example

The following example illustrates how to use this command:

Related Commands

Syntax Description

Default

For the Cisco 7500 series, the initial default device is slot0:. Otherwise, the default device is that specified by the cd command.

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

Use this command only with the Cisco 7500 series.

If you omit the device, the router uses the default device specified by the cd command.

If you attempt to delete the configuration file specified by the CONFIG_FILE or BOOTLDR environment variable, the system prompts you to confirm the deletion. Also, if you attempt to delete the last valid system image specified in the BOOT environment variable, the system prompts you to confirm the deletion. When you delete a file, the router simply marks the file as deleted, but does not erase the file. This feature allows you to later recover a "deleted" file using the undelete command. You can delete and undelete a file up to 15 times. To permanently delete all "deleted" files on a Flash memory device, use the squeeze command.

Example

The following example deletes the router-backupconfig file from the Flash card inserted in first slot of the RSP card:

Related Commands

Syntax Description

Default

For the Cisco 7500 series, the initial default device is slot0:. Otherwise, the default device is that specified by the cd command. When you omit all keywords and arguments, the router displays only undeleted files for the default device specified by the cd command in short format.

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

Use this command only with the Cisco 7500 series. If you omit the device, the router uses the default device specified by the cd command.

When you use one of the keywords (/all, /deleted, /long), the system displays file information in long format. The long format includes the following categories:

• File's index number (#).
  
  
• Whether the file contains an error (E) or is deleted (D).
  
  
• File's type (1 = configuration file, 2 = image file). The router displays these values only when the file's type is certain. When the file's type is unknown, the system displays a zero or FFFFFFFF in this field.
  
  
• File's cyclic redundant check (crc).
  
  
• Offset into the file system of the next file (seek).
  
  
• Length of the file's name (nlen).
  
  
• Length of the file itself (length).
  
  
• Date and time the file was created (date/time).
  
  
• File's name (name).
  
  

When you omit all keywords (/all, /deleted, /long), the system displays file information in short format. Short format includes the following categories:

• File's index number (#).
  
  
• Length of the file itself (length).
  
  
• Date and time the file was created (date/time).
  
  
• File's name (name).
  
  

Examples

The following example instructs the router to list undeleted files for the default device specified by the cd command. Notice that the router displays the information in short format because no keywords are used.

The following example displays the long version of the same device:

Related Commands

Syntax Description

Default

For the Cisco 7500 series, the initial default device is slot0:. Otherwise, the default device is that specified by the cd command.

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

Use the erase [device:]filename command only with the Cisco 7500 series. This command functions like the delete command. That is, when you erase a specific file, the system marks the file as deleted, allowing you to later undelete an erased file. See the delete and undelete commands for more information. If you omit the device, the router uses the default device specified by the cd command.

If you attempt to erase the configuration file specified by the CONFIG_FILE or BOOTLDR environment variable, the system prompts you to confirm the deletion. Also, if you attempt to erase the last valid system image specified in the BOOT environment variable, the system prompts you to confirm the deletion.

Examples

The following example deletes the myconfig file from a Flash memory card inserted in the slot 0 of the RSP card:

Related Commands

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

This command performs the same action as the copy erase flash command. The Cisco 7500 series does not support this command.

Example

The following example illustrates how to use this command. Note that this example reflects the dual Flash bank feature available only on low-end systems (the AccessPro PC card, Cisco 2500 series, Cisco 3000 series, and Cisco 4000 series).

The system will prompt only if there are two or more read/write partitions. If the partition entered is not valid or is the read-only partition, the process terminates. You can enter a partition number, a question mark (?) for a directory display of all partitions, or a question mark and a number (?number) for directory display of a particular partition. The default is the first read/write partition.

Caution The following formatting procedure erases all information in the Flash memory. To prevent the loss of important data, proceed carefully.

Syntax Description

Default

The default monlib file is the one bundled with the system software.

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

Use this command with the Cisco 7500 series. Use the format command to format internal Flash memory (bootflash) or your Flash memory cards.

In some cases, you might need to insert a new PCMCIA Flash memory card and load images or backup configuration files onto it. Before you can use a new Flash memory card, you must format it.

Flash memory cards have sectors that can fail. On the Cisco 7500 series, you can reserve certain Flash memory sectors as "spares" for use when other sectors fail. Use the format command to specify between 0 and 16 sectors as spares. If you reserve a small number of spare sectors for emergencies, you do not waste space because you can use most of the Flash memory card. If you specify zero spare sectors and some sectors fail, you must reformat the Flash memory card and thereby erase all existing data.

The monlib file is the ROM monitor library. The ROM monitor uses the monlib file to access files in the Flash file system.

In the command syntax, device1 is the device to format and device2 contains the monlib file to use. When you omit the [[device2:][monlib-filename]] argument, the system formats device1 using the monlib that is bundled with the system software. When you omit device2 from the [[device2:][monlib-filename]] argument, the system formats device1 using the named monlib file from the device specified by the cd command. When you omit monlib-filename from the [[device2:][monlib-filename]] argument, the system formats device1 using device2's monlib file. When you specify the whole [[device2:][monlib-filename]] argument, the system formats device1 using the specified monlib file from the specified device. Note that you can specify device1's own monlib file in this argument. When the system cannot find a monlib file, the system terminates the formatting process.

Example

The following example shows the format command that formats a Flash memory card inserted in slot 0 of the RSP card:

When the router returns you to the EXEC prompt, the new Flash memory card is successfully formatted and ready for use.

Related Commands

Syntax Description

Default

Disabled

Command Mode

Interface configuration

Usage Guidelines

This feature makes diskless booting of clients possible between network subnets where the client and server are on separate subnets.

RARP server support is configurable on a per interface basis, so that the router does not interfere with RARP traffic on subnets that do not need RARP assistance from the router.

The router answers incoming RARP requests only if both of the following two conditions are met:

• The ip rarp-server command has been configured for the interface on which the request was received.
  
  
• There is a static entry found in the IP ARP table that maps the MAC address contained in the RARP request to an IP address.
  
  

RFC 903 documents the Reverse Address Resolution Protocol.

Examples

The following partial example configures the router to act as a RARP server. The router is configured to use the primary address of the specified interface in its RARP responses.

In the following example, the router is configured to act as a RARP server, with TFTP and portmapper requests forwarded to the Sun server:

Related Commands

A dagger (†) indicates that the command is documented in another chapter.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Default

Enabled

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Default

To ensure security, the router is not enabled for rcp by default.

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

To allow a remote user to execute rcp commands on the router, you must also create an entry for the remote user in the local router's authentication database.

The no ip rcmd rcp-enable command does not prohibit a local user from using rcp to copy system images and configuration files to and from the router.

To protect against undesirable users copying the system image or configuration files without consent, the router is not enabled for rcp by default.

Example

The following example shows how to enable the router for rcp:

Related Command

Syntax Description

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

A TCP connection to a router is established using an IP address. Using the host name is valid only when you are initiating an rcp or rsh command from a local router. The host name is converted to an IP address using DNS or host-name aliasing.

To allow a remote user to execute rcp or rsh commands on a local router, you must create an entry for the remote user in the local router's authentication database. You must also enable the router to act as an rsh or rcp server.

Related Commands

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Default

To ensure security, the router is not enabled for rsh by default.

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

Use this command to enable the router to receive rsh requests from remote users. In addition to issuing this command, to allow a remote user to execute rsh commands on the router, you must create an entry for the remote user in the local router's authentication database.

The no ip rcmd rsh-enable command does not prohibit a local user of the router from executing a command on other routers and UNIX hosts on the network using rsh.

Example

The following example shows how to enable the router as an rsh server:

Related Command

Syntax Description

Default

The default is to load from the microcode bundled in the system image.

Command Mode

Global configuration

Examples

In the following example, all FIP cards will use their onboard ROM microcode:

In the following example, all FIP cards will be loaded with the microcode found in Flash memory file fip.v141-7 when the system is booted, when a card is inserted or removed, or when the microcode reload global configuration command is issued. The configuration is then written to the startup configuration file.

Related Command

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Mode

Global configuration

Example

In the following example, all controllers are reset, the specified microcode is loaded, and the CxBus complex is reinitialized according to the microcode configuration commands that have been written to memory:

Related Command

Syntax Description

Default

Cisco device code

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

The sysid messages and request program messages use the identity information indicated by this command.

Example

The following example identifies a DECserver 200 device as sending MOP sysid and request program messages:

Related Command

A dagger (†) indicates that the command is documented in another chapter.

Syntax Description

Default

Flash memory consists of one partition.

If this command is entered but partition size is not specified, two partitions of equal size will be created.

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

Although the software supports up to eight partitions, current hardware allows only two. To undo partitioning, use either the partition flash 1 or no partition flash command. If one or more files exist in the second partition, you must manually erase the second partition with the erase flash command before reverting to a single partition.

When creating two partitions, you must not truncate a file or cause the spillover of a file into the second partition.

Example

The following example creates two partitions of 4 MB each in Flash memory:

Syntax Description

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

The reload command halts the system. If the system is set to restart on error, it reboots itself. Use the reload command after configuration information is entered into a file and saved to the startup configuration.

You cannot reload from a virtual terminal if the system is not set up for automatic booting. This prevents the system from dropping to the ROM monitor and thereby taking the system out of the remote user's control.

If you modify your configuration file, the system prompts you to save the configuration. During a save operation, the system asks you if you want to proceed with the save if the CONFIG_FILE environment variable points to a startup configuration file that no longer exists. If you say "yes" in this situation, the system goes to setup mode upon reload.

When you schedule a reload to occur at a later time, it must take place within approximately 24 days.

The at keyword can only be used if the system clock has be set on the router (either through NTP, the hardware calendar, or manually). The time is relative to the configured time zone on the router. To schedule reloads across several routers to occur simultaneously, the time on each router must be synchronized with NTP.

To display information about a scheduled reload, use the show reload command.

Examples

The following example illustrates how to use the reload command to immediately reload the software on the router:

The following example illustrates how to use the reload command to reload the software on the router in 10 minutes:

The following example illustrates how to use the reload command to reload the software on the router at 1:00 p.m. today:

The following example illustrates how to use the reload command to reload the software on the router on April 20 at 2:00 a.m.:

The following example illustrates how to use the reload command to cancel a pending reload:

Related Commands

Syntax Description

Default

If you do not specify the /user keyword and argument, the router sends a default remote username. As the default value of the remote username, the router software sends the username associated with the current TTY process, if that name is valid. For example, if the user is connected to the router through Telnet and the user was authenticated through the username command, then the router software sends that username as the remote username. If the TTY username is invalid, the router software uses the router host name as the both the remote and local usernames.

Command Mode

Privileged EXEC

Usage Guidelines

For security reasons, the router software does not default to a remote login if no command is specified, as does UNIX. Instead, the router provides Telnet and connect services that you can use rather than rsh.

Example

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Default

Disabled

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

If the file compression completes successfully, the following message is displayed:

If the boot ROMs do not recognize a compressed configuration, the following message is displayed:

If the file compression fails, the following message is displayed:

One way to determine whether a configuration file will compress enough to fit into NVRAM is to use a text editor to enter the configuration, then use the UNIX compress command to check the compressed size. To get a closer approximation of the compression ratio, use the UNIX command compress -b12.

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Default

Disabled, except on systems without NVRAM or with invalid or incomplete information in NVRAM. In these cases, autoloading of configuration files from a network server is enabled automatically.

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

Example

In the following example, the router is configured to autoload the default host configuration file:

Related Commands

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Mode

Privileged EXEC

Sample Display

The following is a sample output of the show async-bootp command:

Related Command

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

Use this command with the Cisco 7500 series. The show boot command allows you to view the current settings for the following environment variables:

• BOOT
  
  
• CONFIG_FILE
  
  
• BOOTLDR
  
  

The BOOT environment variable specifies a list of bootable images on various devices. The CONFIG_FILE environment variable specifies the configuration file used during system initialization. The BOOTLDR environment variable specifies the Flash device and filename containing the rxboot image that ROM uses for booting. You set these environment variables with the boot system, boot config, and boot bootldr commands, respectively.

Sample Display

The following is sample output from the show boot command:

In the sample output, the BOOT environment variable contains a null string. That is, a list of bootable images is not specified.

The CONFIG_FILE environment variable points to the configuration file in NVRAM as the startup (initialization) configuration. The run-time value for the CONFIG_FILE environment variable points to the router-config file on the Flash memory card inserted in the first slot of the RSP card. That is, during the run-time configuration, you have modified the CONFIG_FILE environment variable using the boot config command, but you have not saved the run-time configuration to the startup configuration. To save your run-time configuration to the startup configuration, use the write memory or copy running-config startup-config command. If you do not save the run-time configuration to the startup configuration, then the system reverts back to the saved CONFIG_FILE environment variable setting for initialization information upon reload. In this sample, the system reverts back to NVRAM for the startup configuration file.

The BOOTLDR environment variable does not yet exist. That is, you have not created the BOOTLDR environment variable using the boot bootldr command.

Related Commands

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

NVRAM stores the configuration information on the network server in text form as configuration commands. For all platforms except the Cisco 7500 series, the show configuration command shows the version number of the software used when you last executed the write memory command.

For the Cisco 7500 series, the show configuration command shows the configuration file specified by the CONFIG_FILE environment variable. The router informs you whether the displayed configuration is a complete configuration or a distilled version. If the CONFIG_FILE environment variable does not exist or is not valid, the router displays the NVRAM configuration (if it is a valid, entire configuration).

Sample Displays

The following is sample output from the show configuration command. It shows the router displaying the contents of NVRAM.

The following is partial sample output from the show configuration command when the configuration file has been compressed:

Related Commands

A dagger (†) indicates that the command is documented in another chapter.

Syntax Description

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

Use this command for the Cisco 7500 series. When showing the configuration, the router informs you whether the displayed configuration is a complete configuration or a distilled version. A distilled configuration is one that does not contain access lists.

Sample Display

The following is sample output from the show file command:

Related Commands

Syntax Description

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

The show flash command displays the type of Flash memory present, any files that might currently exist in Flash memory, and the amounts of Flash memory used and remaining.

For the Cisco 7500 series, when you specify a PCMCIA slot as the device, the router displays the layout and contents of the Flash memory card inserted in the specified slot of the RSP card. When you omit the device: argument, the router displays the default device specified by the cd command. Use the pwd command to show the current default device.

Sample Displays

As the display shows, the Flash memory can store and display multiple, independent software images for booting itself or for TFTP server software for other products. This feature is useful for storing default system software. These images can be stored in compressed format (but cannot be compressed by the router).

To eliminate any files from Flash memory (invalidated or otherwise) and free all available memory space, the entire Flash memory must be erased; individual files cannot be erased from Flash memory.

The following are possible values for Copy-Mode:

• RXBOOT-MANUAL—User can copy manually by reloading to the boot ROM image.
  
  
• RXBOOT-FLH—User can copy via Flash load helper.
  
  
• Direct—User can copy directly into Flash memory.
  
  
• None—Copy not allowed into that partition.
  
  

If you do not use the cd command to change the present working device to slot 1, you can display the same sample output with the following command:

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Mode

Privileged EXEC

Usage Guidelines

If you are a remote Telnet user performing the Flash upgrade without a console connection, this command allows you to retrieve console output when your Telnet connection has terminated due to the switch to the ROM image. The output indicates what happened during the download, and is particularly useful if the download fails.

Sample Display

The following is sample output from the show flh-log command:

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Mode

EXEC

Sample Display

The following is sample output from the show microcode command:

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

This command first appeared in Cisco IOS Release 11.2.

You can use the show reload command to display a pending software reload. To cancel the reload, use the reload cancel privileged EXEC command.

Sample Display

The following sample output from the show reload command shows that a reload is schedule for 12:00 a.m. (midnight) on Saturday, April 20:

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Mode

EXEC

Sample Display

The following is sample output from the show version command from a Cisco 7000 series:

The output of the show version EXEC command can also provide certain messages, such as bus error messages. If such error messages appear, report the complete text of this message to your technical support specialist.

Syntax Description

Default

This command has no default.

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

Use this command with the Cisco 7500 series.

When Flash memory is full, you might need to rearrange the files so that the space used by the "deleted" files can be reclaimed. When you issue the squeeze command, the router copies all valid files to the beginning of Flash memory and erases all files marked "deleted." At this point, you cannot recover "deleted" files, but you can write to the reclaimed Flash memory space.

In addition to removing deleted files, the squeeze command removes any files that the system has marked as error. An error file is created when a file write fails (for example, because the device is full) and is automatically deleted. To remove error files, you must use the squeeze command.

Example

The following example instructs the router to permanently erase the files marked "deleted" from the Flash memory card inserted in second slot of the RSP card:

Related Commands

Syntax Description

Default

Disabled

Command Mode

Global configuration

Usage Guidelines

You can specify multiple filenames by repeating the tftp-server command. The system sends a copy of the system image contained in ROM or one of the system images contained in Flash memory to any client that issues a TFTP Read Request with this filename.

If the specified filename1 or filename2 exists in Flash memory, a copy of the Flash image is sent. On systems that contain a complete image in ROM, the system sends the ROM image if the specified filename1 or filename2 is not found in Flash memory.

Images that run from ROM cannot be loaded over the network. Therefore, it does not make sense to use TFTP to offer the ROMs on these images.

On the Cisco 7500 series, the system sends a copy of the file contained on one of the Flash memory devices to any client that issues a TFTP Read Request with its filename.

Examples

In the following example, the system uses TFTP to send a copy of the version-10.3 file located in Flash memory in response to a TFTP Read Request for that file. The requesting host is checked against access list 22.

In the following example, the system uses TFTP to send a copy of the ROM image gs3-k.101 in response to a TFTP Read Request for the gs3-k.101 file:

In the following example, the system uses TFTP to send a copy of the version-10.3 file in response to a TFTP Read Request for that file. The file is located on the Flash memory card inserted in slot 0 of the RSP card.

Related Command

A dagger (†) indicates that the command is documented in another chapter.

access-list ^†

Syntax Description

Default

The default device is the one specified by the cd command.

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

Use this command with the Cisco 7500 series.

When you delete a file, the router simply marks the file as deleted, but does not erase the file. This command allows you to recover a "deleted" file on a specified Flash memory device. You must undelete a file by its index because you could have multiple deleted files with the same name. For example, the "deleted" list could contain multiple configuration files with the name router-config. You undelete by index to indicate which of the many router-config files from the list to undelete. Use the dir command to learn the index number of the file you want to undelete.

You cannot undelete a file if a valid (undeleted) one with the same name exists. Instead, you first delete the existing file and then undelete the file you want. For example, if you had an undeleted version of the router-config file and you wanted to use a previous, deleted version instead, you could not simply undelete the previous version by index. You would first delete the existing router-config file and then undelete the previous router-config file by index. You can delete and undelete a file up to 15 times.

If you try to recover the configuration file pointed to by the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, the system prompts you to confirm recovery of the file. This prompt reminds you that the CONFIG_FILE environment variable points to an undeleted file. To permanently delete all "deleted" files on a Flash memory device, use the squeeze command. If you try to recover a file that has the same name as an existing valid file, the system displays an error message.

Example

The following example recovers the deleted file whose index number is 1 to the Flash memory card inserted in slot 0 of the RSP card:

Related Commands

Syntax Description

Default

The current working device is the default device.

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

Use the verify command to verify the checksum of a file before using it. When you omit the device: argument, the system verifies the checksum of the specified file on the current working device.

Example

The following example verifies the gsxx file on the Flash memory card inserted in slot 0 of an RSP card:

Related Commands

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Mode

EXEC

Usage Guidelines

The verify flash command works on Cisco 3000 series, Cisco 4000 series, and Cisco 7000 series routers only. The Cisco 7500 series does not support this command.

Each system software or microcode image that is distributed on disk uses a single checksum for the entire image. This checksum is displayed only when the image is copied into Flash memory; it is not displayed when the image file is copied from one disk to another.

The README file (which is included with the image on the disk) lists the name, file size, and checksum of the image. Review the contents of the README file before loading or duplicating the new image so that you can verify the checksum when you copy it into the Flash memory or onto a TFTP server.

To display the contents of Flash memory, use the show flash command. The Flash content listing does not include the checksum of individual files. To recompute and verify the image checksum after the image file is copied into Flash memory, use the verify command. When you enter the command, the screen prompts you for the filename to verify. By default, it prompts for the last file in Flash (most recent). Press Return to recompute the default file checksum, or enter the filename of a different file at the prompt.

Examples

The following example illustrates how to use the verify flash command when more than one Flash memory partition exists:

The system will prompt only if there are two or more read/write partitions. If the partition entered is not valid, the process terminates. You can enter a partition number, a question mark (?) for a directory display of all partitions, or a question mark and a number (?number) for directory display of a particular partition. The default is the first partition.

Related Commands