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This chapter describes the commands used to access user and privileged EXEC command modes. It provides a description of the help command and features, lists the command editing keys and functions, and details the command history feature.
You need to enter only enough characters of a command to uniquely identify the command, thereby abbreviating the command syntax you type.
For user interface task information and examples, refer to the chapter "Understanding the User Interface" chapter of the Access and Communication Servers Configuration Guide.
To exit privileged EXEC mode and return to user EXEC mode, enter the disable EXEC command.
disableThis command has no arguments or keywords.
EXEC
In the following example, entering the disable command causes the system to exit privileged EXEC mode and return to user EXEC mode as indicated by the angle bracket (>):
cs# disable
cs>
enable
To enable enhanced editing mode for a particular line, use the editing line configuration command. To disable the enhanced editing mode, use the no form of this command.
editingThis command has no arguments or keywords.
Enabled
Line configuration
Table 2-1 provides a description of the keys used to enter and edit commands. Ctrl indicates the Control key. It must be pressed simultaneously with its associated letter key. Esc indicates the Escape key. It must be pressed first, followed by its associated letter key. Keys are not case sensitive.
| Keys | Function |
|---|---|
| Tab | Completes a partial command name entry. When you enter a unique set of characters and press the Tab key, the system completes the command name. If you enter a set of characters that could indicate more than one command, the system beeps to indicate an error. Enter a question mark (?) immediately following the partial command (no space). The system will provide a list of commands that begin with that set of characters. |
| Delete or Backspace | Erases the character to the left of the cursor. |
| Return | At the command line, pressing the Return key performs the function of executing, or carrying out, a command. At the "---More---" prompt on a terminal screen, pressing the Return key scrolls down a line.
|
| Space bar | Scrolls down a page on the terminal screen. Press the space bar when you see the line "---More---" on the screen to display the next screen.
|
| Left arrow key1 | Moves the cursor one character to the left. When you enter a command that extends beyond a single line, you can continue to press the left arrow key at any time to scroll back towards the system prompt and verify the beginning of the command entry. |
| Right arrow key1 | Moves the cursor one character to the right. |
| Ctrl-A | Moves the cursor to the beginning of the line. |
| Ctrl-B | Moves the cursor back one character. |
| Ctrl-D | Deletes the character at the cursor. |
| Ctrl-E | Moves the cursor to the end of the command line. |
| Ctrl-F | Moves the cursor forward one character. |
| Ctrl-K | Deletes all characters from the cursor to the end of the command line. |
| Ctrl-L and Ctrl-R | Redisplays the system prompt and command line. |
| Ctrl-T | Transposes the character to the left of the cursor with the character located at the cursor. |
| Ctrl-U and Ctrl-X | Deletes all characters from the cursor back to the beginning of the command line. |
| Ctrl-V and ESC-Q | Inserts a code to indicate to the system that the keystroke immediately following should be treated as a command entry, and not as an editing key. |
| Ctrl-W | Deletes the word to the left of the cursor. |
| Ctrl-Y | Recalls the most recent entry in the delete buffer. The delete buffer contains the last ten items you have deleted or cut. Ctrl-Y can be used in conjunction with Esc-Y. |
| Ctrl-Z | Ends configuration mode and returns you to the privileged EXEC prompt. |
| Esc-B | Moves the cursor back one word. |
| Esc-C | Capitalizes the word at the cursor. |
| Esc-D | Deletes from the cursor to the end of the word. |
| Esc-F | Moves the cursor forward one word. |
| Esc-L | Changes the word at the cursor to lowercase. |
| Esc-U | Capitalizes from the cursor to the end of the word. |
| Esc-Y | Recalls the next buffer entry. The buffer contains the last ten items you have deleted. Use Ctrl-Y first to recall the most recent entry. Then use Esc-Y up to nine times to recall the remaining entries in the buffer. If you bypass an entry, continue to use Esc-Y to cycle back to it. |
You can disable the enhanced editing mode with the no editing command. The editing keys and functions of the previous command editing mode are listed in Table 2-2.
| Key | Function |
|---|---|
| Delete or Backspace | Erases the character to the left of the cursor. |
| Ctrl-W | Erases a word. |
| Ctrl-U | Erases a line. |
| Ctrl-R | Redisplays a line. |
| Ctrl-Z | Ends configuration mode and returns to the privileged EXEC prompt. |
| Return | Executes single-line commands. |
In the following example, the enhanced editing mode is disabled on virtual terminal line 3:
line vty 03
no editing
terminal editing
To enter privileged EXEC mode, use the enable EXEC command.
enableThis command has no arguments or keywords.
EXEC
Because many of the privileged commands set operating parameters, privileged access should be password-protected to prevent unauthorized use. If the system administrator has set a password with the enable password global configuration command, you are prompted to enter it before being allowed access to privileged EXEC mode. The password is case sensitive.
In the following example, the user enters the enable command and is prompted to enter a password. The password is not displayed on the screen. After entering the password, the system enters privileged command mode as indicated by the pound sign (#) at the end of the prompt.
cs> enable
Password:
cs#
A dagger (+) indicates that the command is documented in another chapter.
disable
enable password +
To exit configuration mode, use the end global configuration command.
endThis command has no arguments or keywords.
Global configuration
You can also press Ctrl-Z to exit configuration mode.
In the following example, entering the end command causes the system to exit configuration mode and return to EXEC mode:
alibaba(config)# end
alibaba#
To exit any command mode or close an active terminal session and terminate the EXEC, use the exit command at the system prompt.
exitThis command has no arguments or keywords.
Available in all command modes
When you enter the exit command at the EXEC levels, the EXEC mode is ended. Use the exit command at the configuration level to return to privileged EXEC mode. Use the exit command in interface, line, router, ipx-router, and route-map command modes to return to global configuration mode. Use the exit command in subinterface configuration mode to return to interface configuration mode. You can also press Ctrl-Z from any configuration mode to return to privileged EXEC mode.
In the following example, the user exits subinterface configuration mode to return to interface configuration mode:
cs(config-subif)# exit
cs(config-if)#
The following example shows how to exit an active session:
cs> exit
disconnect
logout
To get help for the full set of user-level commands, use the full-help line configuration command. Use the no form of this command to disable help about privileged commands for users dialing into a line who do not have privileged access.
full-helpThis command has no arguments or keywords.
Disabled
Line configuration
The full-help command enables a user dialing into a line without privileged access to see all of the help messages available. Use the show ? command to display all of the commands available in EXEC mode (user or privileged).
The following example shows the command for enabling access to all of the help messages available:
cs(config-line)# full-help
help
show ?
terminal full-help (EXEC)
To display a brief description of the help system, enter the help command.
helpThis command has no arguments or keywords.
Available in all command modes
The help command provides a brief description of the context-sensitive help system.
Enter the help command for a brief description of the help system:
cs# help
Help may be requested at any point in a command by entering
a question mark '?'. If nothing matches, the help list will
be empty and you must backup until entering a '?' shows the
available options.
Two styles of help are provided:
1. Full help is available when you are ready to enter a
command argument (e.g. 'show ?') and describes each possible
argument.
2. Partial help is provided when an abbreviated argument is entered
and you want to know what arguments match the input
(e.g. 'show pr?'.)
The following example shows how to use word help to display all the privileged EXEC commands that begin with the letters "co":
cs# co?
configure connect copy
The following example shows how to use command syntax help to display the next argument of a partially complete access-list command. One option is to add a wildcard mask. The <cr> symbol indicates that the other option is to press Return to execute the command.
cs(config)# access-list 99 deny 131.108.134.234 ?
A.B.C.D Mask of bits to ignore
<cr>
full-help
terminal full-help (EXEC)
To enable the command history feature for a particular line or change the size of the command history buffer for a particular line, use the history line configuration command. To disable the command history feature or reset the command history buffer to its default size, use the no form of this command.
history [size] [number-of-lines]| size | Set command history buffer size. |
| number-of-command-lines | Specifies the number of command lines that the system will record in its history buffer. The range is 0 through 256. |
10 lines
Line configuration
The history command without the size keyword and argument enables the command history feature with the last buffer size specified, or the default size. The no history command without the size keyword disables the command history feature. The no history size command resets the buffer size to the default of 10 command lines.
The command history feature provides a record of EXEC commands you have entered. This feature is particularly useful for recalling long or complex commands or entries, including access lists.
Table 2-3 lists the keys and functions you can use to recall commands from the command history buffer.
| Key | Function |
|---|---|
| Ctrl-P or up arrow1 | Recalls commands in the history buffer in a backward sequence, beginning with the most recent command. Repeat the key sequence to recall successively older commands. |
| Ctrl-N or down arrow1 | Returns to more recent commands in the history buffer after recalling commands with Ctrl-P or the Up Arrow. Repeat the key sequence to recall successively more recent commands. |
In the following example, virtual terminal line 4 is configured with a history buffer size of 35 lines:
line vty 4
history size 35
show history
terminal history
Use the menu EXEC command to run a user menu.
menu name| name | The configuration name of the menu. |
User EXEC mode or privileged EXEC mode
A menu can be invoked at either the user or privileged EXEC level, but if an item in the menu contains a privileged EXEC command, the user must be logged in at the privileged level for the command to succeed.
The following example shows how to invoke the menu named Access1:
menu Access1
Use the menu global configuration command with the appropriate keyword to specify menu-display options. Use the no form of the global configuration command to delete the named menu from the configuration.
menu name [clear-screen | line-mode | single-space | status-line]| name | The configuration name of the menu. |
| clear-screen | Clears the terminal screen before displaying a menu. |
| line-mode | In a menu of nine or fewer items, you ordinarily select a menu item by just typing the item number. In line mode, you select a menu entry by typing the item number and pressing Return. Line mode allows you to backspace over the selected number and type another before pressing Return to perform the command. This option is invoked automatically when more than nine menu items are defined, but may also be configured explicitly for menus of nine or fewer items. |
| single-space | Displays menu items single-spaced rather than double-spaced. This option is invoked automatically when more than nine menu items are defined, but may also be configured explicitly for menus of nine or fewer items. |
| status-line | Displays a line of status information about the current user. |
Global configuration
The clear-screen option uses a terminal-independent mechanism based upon termcap entries defined in the communication server and the terminal type configured for the user's terminal. This allows the same menu to be used on multiple types of terminals instead of having terminal-specific strings embedded within menu titles. If the termcap entry does not contain a clear string, the menu system enters 24 newlines, causing all existing text to scroll off the top of the terminal screen.
The status-line option displays the status information at the top of the screen before the menu title is displayed. This status line includes the communication server host name, the user's line number, and the current terminal type and keymap type (if any).
A menu can be invoked at the user EXEC level or at the privileged EXEC level, depending upon whether the given menu contains menu entries using privileged commands.
When a particular line should always display a menu, that line can be configured with an autocommand configuration command. The menu should not contain an exit path that will leave the user in an unfamiliar interface environment.
Menus can be run on a per-user basis by defining a similar autocommand for that local username.
The following example shows how to invoke the menu named Access1:
menu Access1
The following example shows how to display the status information using the status-line option for the menu named Access1:
menu Access1 status-line
menu command
menu text
menu title
resume
Use the menu command global configuration command to specify underlying commands for user interface menus.
menu name command number command| name | The configuration name of the menu. You can specify a maximum of 20 characters. |
| number | The selection number associated with the menu entry. This number is displayed to the left of the menu entry when the menu appears. You can specify a maximum of 18 entries. When the tenth item is added to the menu, the line-mode and single-space options are invoked automatically. |
| command | The Cisco EXEC command that is to be executed when the user selects number from the menu. Only one command per entry can be specified. |
Global configuration
The menu command command is paired with the menu text command to define a menu entry. Each pair of commands must use the same menu name and menu selection number.
The menu command command has a special option, menu-exit, that is available only within menus. It is used to exit a submenu and return upward to the next menu level, or exit the menu altogether and return to the EXEC command prompt.
You can create submenus that are opened by selecting a higher-level menu entry. You do this by using the command to invoke a menu as the command in a line specifying a higher-level menu entry.
When a menu allows connections (their normal use), the command for an entry invoking the connection should contain a resume connection command, or the line should be configured to prevent users from escaping their sessions by the command escape-char none. Otherwise, when they escape from a connection and return to the menu, there will be no way to resume the session and it will sit idle until the user logs off.
Using the resume command as the action to be performed when the menu entry is selected permits a user to resume the named connection or, if there is no active connection by that name, connect to it using the specified name. As an option, you can also supply the connect string needed to connect initially. When you do not supply this connect string, the command uses the specified connection name.
You can also use the resume /next command, which resumes the next connection in the user's list of connections. This allows you to create a single menu entry that steps through all of the user's connections.
The following example shows how to specify the commands to be executed when a user enters the selection number associated with the menu entry for the menu named Access1:
menu Access1 command 1 tn3270 vms.cisco.com
menu Access1 command 2 rlogin unix.cisco.com
menu Access1 command 3 menu-exit
menu (global)
menu text
menu title
resume
Use the menu text global configuration command to specify the text of a menu entry in a user interface menu.
menu name text number text| name | The configuration name of the menu. You can specify a maximum of 20 characters. |
| number | The selection number associated with the menu entry. This number is displayed to the left of the menu entry when the menu appears. You can specify a maximum of 18 entries. When the tenth item is added to the menu, the line-mode and single-space options are invoked automatically. |
| text | The descriptive text for the menu entry associated with selection number of the named menu. This text is the entry name that is displayed on the user's screen when the menu appears. |
Global configuration
The menu text command is paired with the menu command command to define a menu entry. Each pair of commands must use the same menu name and menu selection number.
You can specify a maximum of 18 entries in a menu.
The following example shows how to specify the descriptive text for the three entries in the menu Access1:
menu Access1 text 1 IBM Information Systems
menu Access1 text 2 UNIX Internet Access
menu Access1 text 3 Exit menu system
menu (global)
menu command
menu title
resume
Use the menu title global configuration command to create a title, or banner, for a user menu.
menu name title delimiter title delimiter| name | The configuration name of the menu. You can specify a maximum of 20 characters. |
| delimiter | Title text delimiters are characters that do not ordinarily appear within the text of a title, such as slash ( / ), double quote ("), and tilde ( ~ ). Ctrl-C is reserved for special use and should not be used in the text of the title. |
| title | The title that will be displayed when the menu is invoked. |
Global configuration
The menu title command must use the same menu name used with the menu text and menu command commands used to create a menu.
You can position the title of the menu horizontally by preceding the title text with blank characters. You can also add lines of space above and below the title by pressing Return.
Follow the title keyword with one or more blank characters and a delimiting character of your choice. Then enter one or more lines of text, terminating the message with the second occurrence of the delimiting character. You cannot use the delimiting character within the text of the message.
When you are configuring from the terminal and are attempting to include special control characters, such as a screen-clearing string, you must use Ctrl-V before the special control characters to have them accepted as part of the title string. In the example shown in the Examples section, the string ^[[H^[[J is an escape string used by many VT100-compatible terminals to clear the screen. To enter it, you must type Ctrl-V before each escape character.
Instead of embedding a terminal-specific string in the menu title to clear the screen before displaying menus and submenus, use the clear-screen option of the menu command. This allows the same menu to be used on different types of terminals.
The following example specifies the title that will be displayed when the menu Access1 is invoked:
cs101(config)# menu Access1 title /^[[H^[[J
Welcome to Access1 Internet Services
Type a number to select an option;
Type 9 to exit the menu.
/
menu (global)
menu command
menu text
resume
To list the commands you have entered in the current EXEC session, use the show history EXEC command.
show historyThis command has no arguments or keywords.
EXEC
The command history feature provides a record of EXEC commands you have entered. The number of commands the history buffer will record is determined by the history size line configuration command or the terminal history size EXEC command.
Table 2-4 lists the keys and functions you can use to recall commands from the command history buffer.
| Key | Function |
|---|---|
| Ctrl-P or up arrow | Recalls commands in the history buffer in a backward sequence, beginning with the most recent command. Repeat the key sequence to recall successively older commands. |
| Ctrl-N or down arrow | Returns to more recent commands in the history buffer after recalling commands with Ctrl-P or the up arrow. Repeat the key sequence to recall successively more recent commands. |
The following is sample output from the show history command, which lists the commands the user has entered in EXEC mode for this session:
cs# show history
help
where
show hosts
show history
history size
terminal history size
To enable the enhanced editing mode on the local line, use the terminal editing EXEC command. To disable the enhanced editing mode on the current line, use the no form of this command.
terminal editingThis command has no arguments or keywords.
Enabled
EXEC
Table 2-5 provides a description of the keys used to enter and edit commands. Ctrl indicates the Control key. It must be pressed simultaneously with its associated letter key. Esc indicates the Escape key. It must be pressed first, followed by its associated letter key. Keys are not case sensitive.
| Keys | Function |
|---|---|
| Tab | Completes a partial command name entry. When you enter a unique set of characters and press the Tab key, the system completes the command name. If you enter a set of characters that could indicate more than one command, the system beeps to indicate an error. Enter a question mark (?) immediately following the partial command (no space). The system provides a list of commands that begin with that string. |
| Delete or Backspace | Erases the character to the left of the cursor. |
| Return | At the command line, pressing the Return key performs the function of processing, or carrying out, a command. At the "---More---" prompt on a terminal screen, pressing the Return key scrolls down a line.
|
| Space Bar | Scrolls down a page on the terminal screen. Press the space bar when you see the line " ---More---" on the screen to display the next screen.
|
| Left arrow1 | Moves the cursor one character to the left. When you enter a command that extends beyond a single line, you can continue to press the left arrow key at any time to scroll back toward the system prompt and verify the beginning of the command entry. |
| Right arrow1 | Moves the cursor one character to the right. |
| Up arrow1 or Ctrl-P | Recalls commands in the history buffer, beginning with the most recent command. Repeat the key sequence to recall successively older commands. |
| Down arrow1 or Ctrl-N | Return to more recent commands in the history buffer after recalling commands with the Up arrow or Ctrl-P. Repeat the key sequence to recall successively more recent commands. |
| Ctrl-A | Moves the cursor to the beginning of the line. |
| Ctrl-B | Moves the cursor back one character. |
| Ctrl-D | Deletes the character at the cursor. |
| Ctrl-E | Moves the cursor to the end of the command line. |
| Ctrl-F | Moves the cursor forward one character. |
| Ctrl-K | Deletes all characters from the cursor to the end of the command line. |
| Ctrl-L and Ctrl-R | Redisplays the system prompt and command line. |
| Ctrl-T | Transposes the character to the left of the cursor with the character located at the cursor. |
| Ctrl-U and Ctrl-X | Deletes all characters from the cursor back to the beginning of the command line. |
| Ctrl-V and Esc Q | Inserts a code to indicate to the system that the key stroke immediately following should be treated as a command entry, not as an editing key. |
| Ctrl-W | Deletes the word to the left of the cursor. |
| Ctrl-Y | Recalls the most recent entry in the delete buffer. The delete buffer contains the last ten items you have deleted or cut. Ctrl-Y can be used in conjunction with Esc Y. |
| Ctrl-Z | Ends configuration mode and returns you to the EXEC prompt. |
| Esc B | Moves the cursor back one word. |
| Esc C | Capitalizes the word at the cursor. |
| Esc D | Deletes from the cursor to the end of the word. |
| Esc F | Moves the cursor forward one word. |
| Esc L | Changes the word at the cursor to lowercase. |
| Esc U | Capitalizes from the cursor to the end of the word. |
| Esc Y | Recalls the next buffer entry. The buffer contains the last ten items you have deleted. Press Ctrl-Y first to recall the most recent entry. Then press Esc Y up to nine times to recall the remaining entries in the buffer. If you bypass an entry, continue to press Esc Y to cycle back to it. |
The editing keys and functions for Software Release 9.1 and earlier are listed in Table 2-6.
| Key | Function |
|---|---|
| Delete or Backspace | Erases the character to the left of the cursor. |
| Ctrl-W | Erases a word. |
| Ctrl-U | Erases a line. |
| Ctrl-R | Redisplays a line. |
| Ctrl-Z | Ends configuration mode and returns to the EXEC prompt. |
| Return | Executes single-line commands. |
In the following example, enhanced mode editing is reenabled for the current terminal session:
terminal editing
editing
To get help for the full set of user-level commands, use the terminal full-help EXEC command.
terminal full-helpThis command has no arguments or keywords.
Disabled
EXEC
The terminal full-help command enables (or disables) a user to see all of the help messages available from the terminal. It is used with the show ? command.
The following example is output for show ? with terminal full-help enabled:
cs> terminal full-help
cs> show ?
access-lists List access lists
appletalk AppleTalk information
arap Show Appletalk Remote Access statistics
arp ARP table
async Information on terminal lines used as router interfaces...
full-help
help
To enable the command history feature for the current terminal session or change the size of the command history buffer for the current terminal session, use the terminal history EXEC command. To disable the command history feature or reset the command history buffer to its default size, use the no form of this command.
terminal history [size] [number-of-lines]| size | Set command history buffer size. |
| number-of-command-lines | Specifies the number of command lines that the system will record in its history buffer. The range is 0 through 256. |
10 lines
EXEC
The history command without the size keyword and argument enables the command history feature with the last buffer size specified, or the default size. The no history command without the size keyword disables the command history feature. The no history size command resets the buffer size to the default of 10 command lines.
The command history feature provides a record of EXEC commands you have entered. This feature is particularly useful to recall long or complex commands or entries, including access lists.
Table 2-7 lists the keys and functions you can use to recall commands from the history buffer.
| Key | Function |
|---|---|
| Ctrl-P or up arrow1 | Recalls commands in the history buffer in a backward sequence, beginning with the most recent command. Repeat the key sequence to recall successively older commands. |
| Ctrl-N or down arrow1 | Returns to more recent commands in the history buffer after recalling commands with Ctrl-P or the up arrow. Repeat the key sequence to recall successively more recent commands. |
In the following example, the number of command lines recorded is set to 15 for the local line:
terminal history size 15
history
show history
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