|
|
Table Of Contents
2.2.1 SDH Multiplexing and Mapping
2.4 Switch Features (Bridging)
2.4.2 L2 Provider Bridging Functionality
2.5.4 Supervision by the Exchange Termination (ET)
2.5.5 NTE generated Uplink Sa6 Codes
2.5.6 Handling of CRC-4 Errors
2.10 Automatic System Clock Setting
2.11.1 Back to Back Application
2.11.2 Remote Back to Back Application
2.11.3 Headquarter Office to Branch Office
2.12.2 Command Line Interface (ONSCLI)
2.12.3 Management Connectivity
2.14 DCN Configurations Supported
2.14.3 DCN on customer Ethernet Port or WAN Port
Backup and Restoration of Configuration Data
Software Download (Remote Access)
2.19 Software Download (Local Access)
Product Overview
This section describes the functionality and the features of the Cisco ONS 15302 R2.0.
2.1 Functional Overview
The main R1.0 to R2.0 enhancement is the introduction of GFP/LCAS, which is a Ethernet framing standard to transport Ethernet packets in virtual containers through a SDH network. Additionally this edition introduces a new option for management connectivity, which will simplify design and configuration of a network supplied by Cisco. All features in this release is aligned with new releases of ONS 15305.
The ONS 15302 is an Integrated Access Device mainly intended for use in fibre optic networks, but can also be supplied as a hardware option with support for electrical STM-1. The ONS 15302 combine IP- and TDM-traffic, by running IP- along with TDM-channels inside an SDH STM-1 frame structure that can be easily carried across the network. The bandwidth of the IP-channel is configurable up to 100 Mb/s true "wire-speed". The IP part of the ONS 15302 R2.0 consists of a L2/L3 switch.
Each tributary interface (E1) is mapped into a VC-12 container while the WAN traffic can be transported via either nxVC-3 or nxVC12.
The ONS 15302 have room for a plug-in module, which adds more WAN-ports to achieve multiple connections with differentiated bandwidth per customer and/or service.
The ONS 15302 management solution is based on an embedded SNMP agent. The CiscoEdgeCraft, a SNMP Craft utility cover any operators' need is supplied with the deliveries of ONS 15302. Minimum required to operate and configure the ONS 15302 is a simple VT100 command line interface (CLI) for direct communication with the embedded SNMP agent.
Figure 2-1 ONS 15302 Functional Overview
From an element management perspective, the ONS 15302 is a multi-protocol machine with several types of interfaces as shown in Figure 2-2.
Figure 2-2 Functional Model for the ONS 15302
2.2 Features
This section describes the features of the Cisco ONS 15302 R2.0
2.2.1 SDH Multiplexing and Mapping
The aggregate interface supports only terminal multiplexer functions, with a mixture of terminated VC-12 and/or VC-3 container as indicated in Figure 2-4.
The internal structure of the ONS15302 is depicted in Figure 2-3. The bridge/router receives an Ethernet frame/IP datagram on one of the ports and decides on which port to send it out. The Ethernet Mapper maps the Ethernet frames into VC-12/VC-3 containers while the Tributary Mapper converts between E1 signals and VC-12s. The SDH Multiplexer is responsible for the multiplexing of VC-12/VC-3 containers into STM-1. The VC-12/VC-3 containers are sent to - and received from - either the Tributary Mapper or the Ethernet Mapper.
Figure 2-3 Multiplexing and Mapping in the ONS 15302
Figure 2-4 Multiplexing Structure in STM-1
The mapping between the tributary interfaces and the WAN port is fully flexible. An example of mapping is shown in Table 2-1.
The VC-12 containers can be freely allocated to the different WAN ports or the tributary ports.
2.2.2 Protection
The ONS 15302 offers 1+1 linear Multiplex Section Protection (MSP). The protocol used for K1 and K2 (b1-b5) is defined in ITU-T G.841, clause 7.1.4.5.1. The protocol used is 1+1 bi-directional switching compatible with 1:n bi-directional switching.
The operation of the protection switch is configurable as described in Table 2-2.
Table 2-2 Protection Switch Parameters
MSP Enabled
•
ENABLED
•
DiSABLED
Switching Type
•
•
Unidirectional
Operation Type
•
•
ENABLED
Wait to restore time
Number of seconds to wait before switching back to the preferred link after it has been restored
300 seconds
Preferred Link
Identifier of the preferred working link
Always LINK A for ONS 15302 R2.0
Switching Command for active port
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
No-Command
Working Link
Identifier of the current working link
—
Local Request
Local request contained in K1 byte
—
Remote Request
Remote request contained in K1 byte
—
PERSISTENCY FILTER ALARM ON
Filtering of transient alarms. Defines the number of seconds an alarm must be on to be registered.
—
PERSISTENCY FILTER ALARM OFF
Filtering of transient alarms. Defines the number of seconds an alarm must be off to be registered.
—
ALARM REPORTING
ENABLED or DISABLED. Set the alarm reporting capability for this object. See Table 2-3
—
Table 2-3 Protection alarm
MSP
Problem with MSP signalling with another NE across K1/K2 bytes.
2.2.3 Performance Monitoring
The ONS 15302 offers full G.826 performance monitoring at the RS, MS, VC-4, and VC-12 levels in the SDH hierarchy. This includes B1 near end in RSOH section, B2 near and far end in MSOH section, B3 near and far end at VC-4 level and BIP-2 near and far end at VC-12 level.
The ONS 15302 calculates excessive error and degrade signal defects assuming Poisson distribution of errors, according to ITU-T G.826.
The excessive error defect (dEXC) is detected if the equivalent BER exceeds a preset threshold of 10 exp -5, and be cleared if the equivalent BER is better than 10 exp -6, according to ITU-T G.806.
The degraded signal defect (dDEG) is detected if the equivalent BER exceeds a preset threshold of 10 exp -X, where x=6,7,8 or 9. The dDEG is cleared if the equivalent BER is better than 10 exp -(X+1), according to ITU-T G.806.The threshold is individually configurable for the different levels in the SDH hierarchy, from 10 exp -6 to 10 exp -9.
2.2.4 Synchronization
ONS 15302 can synchronize to the following sources:
•
•
•
•
Tributary synchronization is only relevant when in PRA mode at the chosen tributary.
The synchronization source is a configurable parameter. If it is impossible to synchronize to the selected source, an alarm will be raised, and the system will automatically switch to free running, that means the local oscillator.
Switchback to the selected source is performed automatically whenever it becomes possible again. The alarm is cleared when the switchback is successful.
The ONS 15302 operates in three different modes:
•
•
•
The default synchronization source is the local oscillator. The tolerance for this oscillator is +/- 10 ppm. ONS 15302 also provides a 2048 kHz sync output for synchronization of external equipment.
Note
Note
2.3 Ethernet over SDH mapping
This chapter describes the Cisco ONS 15302 Ethernet over SDH mapping.
2.3.1 Mapping modes
The ONS 15302 R2.0 supports two different modes of Ethernet over SDH (EOS) mapping
•
•
Note
2.3.1.1 Proprietary mapping
The ONS 15302 R2.0 provides a proprietary mapping scheme for mapping of Ethernet traffic into a number of VC-12 containers.
The HDLC encapsulated Ethernet frames are mapped into a number of VC-12 containers in a round-robin fashion with an inverse multiplexer function. The mapping process is described in SDH Multiplexing and Mapping.
A total differential delay of up to 8ms is supported.
The total bandwidth for one WAN channel is 100 Mbps or 50xVC-12 containers. AXXESSIT Proprietary VC-12 mapping scheme for Ethernet take advantage of 2,16 Mbps in each VC-12, which means that 47xVC-12 are sufficient to transport 100Mbps Ethernet.
The VC-12 k.l.m reference assignment for the Ethernet WAN port is fully flexible, and controlled in the same way as a VC-12 cross connect.
The sequence number attached to each VC-12 is used for alarm indication only in case of a sequence mismatch, the sequence number is not used for reordering of the incoming VC-12's. The order of VC's carrying Ethernet traffic between two WAN-ports therefore needs to be obtained.
In case of a failure on one of the VC-12's, the effected VC-12 is removed from the channel, allowing the traffic to flow on the remaining VC-12 connections. RDI is used to indicate a failure to the remote side.
2.3.1.2 Standardised mapping
The ONS 15302 R2.0 supports standardised ways of mapping Ethernet over SDH. The mapping schemes includes mapping protocol, concatenation scheme and control protocols.
2.3.1.2.1 Generic Framing Procedure
ONS 15302 R2.0 supports framed mapped GFP (GFP-F) according to ITU-T 7041.The GFP implementation supports the following functions:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
GFP Alarm and Event Conditions
The GFP implementation supports the following alarm and event conditions:
•
•
–
•
–
•
–
•
–
GFP Performance Monitoring
The GFP implementation collects the following performance parameters:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
A degrade alarm is available for the following performance parameters:
•
•
The deg alarms are handled in a similar way as the SDH degrade alarms.
2.3.1.2.2 Virtual Concatenation (VCAT) and LCAS
The ONS 15302 R2.0 supports virtual concatenation according to ITU-T 707. The VCAT implementation supports the following functions:
•
•
The VC-x level is individually configurable pr. mapper port, a mix of different VC-x levels in one VCG group is not allowed.
A total differential delay of up to 62ms is supported for the different VCG groups.
ONS 15302 R2.0 supports the LCAS protocol in conjunction with VCAT as defined in ITU-T 7042. The LCAS protocol implemented covers the following functions:
•
•
•
•
•
VCAT and LCAS configuration modes
The ONS 15302 R2.0 offers two different operation modes for the VCAT and LCAS functionality, the two modes are:
1. VCAT with LCAS enabled
2. VCAT without LCAS enabled
Mode 1
VCAT with LCAS enabled is always uni-directional, which enables the possibility to have different capacity in each direction, but requires a separate cross connect/capacity setup in each direction.
Mode 2
When VCAT is used without LCAS, there is no mechanism for removing of a faulty VC container in a VCG group. To solve this problem the ONS 15302 R2.0 implements, in addition to the standard mode, a proprietary mode.
The following configuration is available in mode 2:
•
•
If SoftLCASBidirectional mode is enabled, the cross connections are uni-directional, but bi-directional. In addition RDI signalling are enabled. A faulty container in a VCG group is removed based upon the VC alarm condition or based upon RDI signalling (similar to the proprietary mapping). This will allow a VCG group to continue operation even if the VCG has a failed member. This configuration mode is proprietary.
VCAT and LCAS Alarm and Event Conditions
The following alarms related to the VCAT and LCAS are reported by default:
In addition to the above default alarms, the following alarms are available if enabled from the management system:
2.4 Switch Features (Bridging)
The bridge is a transparent multi port remote Ethernet bridge as specified in IEEE 802.3. The Bridge consists of four LAN ports and four WAN port. Each port may have its own MAC address, but in most configurations one MAC address for the whole bridge is sufficient. The four LAN ports support 10/100BaseT Ethernet for UTP cables. Both 10 Mbit/s (Mbps) and 100 Mbit/s (Mbps) are supported with auto negotiation. The LAN ports are compatible with IEEE 802.3.
In addition to standard bridging functionality support, the ONS 15302 also support provider bridge functionality.
2.4.1 L2 Bridging
The bridge supports the following features:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The filtering rate of the bridge is able to operate at full wire speed. The forwarding rate is only limited by the forwarding interface speed, i.e. the selected WAN port speed.
The ONS 15302 R2.0 also support a LAN-WAN port correlation function used in architectures requiring Ethernet protection. The port correlation function, if enabled on a LAN port, reflects the status of the corresponding WAN port on the actual LAN port. This means that if the operational capacity of the WAN port is 0, due to a network error, the corresponding LAN port is disabled, allowing external equipment to very rapidly detect the network error and thereby switch to the other path.
2.4.2 L2 Provider Bridging Functionality
In addition to the standard L2 functionality the following Provider Bridge functionality is supported:
•
•
–
The offering of Provider bridging /VLAN tunnelling and protocol tunnelling enables the user to offer transparent Ethernet services in a L2 network with guaranteed security, also called L2 VPN's. The functionality is enabled at the ingress and egress ports in the network.
The Ethertype used for the Tag insertion is 0xFFFF, inter operability with other systems using 0x8100 is obtained by enabling Ethertype swapping on the WAN ports. This functionality is only supported on the new WAN module.
2.4.3 Quality of Service
The QoS features can be used to allocate bandwidth for users or applications at layer 2 and layer 3.
The ONS 15302 performs the following functions:
•
–
•
–
•
–
Traffic shaping is not performed by the ONS 15302.
The ONS 15302 allows the operator full control each element of the packet/frame handling.
The QoS implementation supports several profile types, where each profile defines the nature of handling applied to frames belonging to that profile (e.g. amount of BW to be provided). A Classifier is a definition of which parts of the frames contents should be used to decide which frame belongs to which profile (e.g. which header bytes are of interest). Rules within each profile detail for each frame with a specific combination of values in the "interesting" bytes, which actions to take.
The following profiles are possible:
•
•
•
•
The two Minimum Delay Guarantee options are only available for Layer 3 (IP) QoS.
The following classifiers are possible:
•
•
–
–
The following rules are possible:
•
•
–
–
–
2.4.3.1 Limitations
It's important to know that packet priority mechanism is overruled by QoS and packets will not be served according to their priority. The Ethernet ports do not support auto-negotiation in this mode and the port settings must therefore be fixed configured for 10 or 100Mbit/s.
When defining aggregate flow values as part of the bandwidth limitation parameters in the QoS configuration, a non-linear distribution happen where the actual bandwidth differs from what may be expected. This is a result of the algorithm used in the switching chip. A calculated ratio may be provided to translate between the configured parameters and the resulted bandwidth. Bandwidth Guarantee, Minimum Bandwidth Guarantee and Minimum Delay are all aggregate profiles. When configuring the intended rate for one of these profiles the rate to configure depends on the total number of sessions transmitted in the profile's range.
A session means each stream of traffic that is different from the others in a set of classifier fields but still belongs to the same profile. For instance if the user defines IP classification based upon protocol and destination IP address, but configures the rule based only on destination IP address then each additional stream of traffic which goes to the same destination but has a different protocol number will represent an additional session in the profile's range. Two traffic streams that have the same destination IP and the same protocol number represent a single session. The first session will get 1/2 of the configured bandwidth, the second session will get 1/3, third will get 1/4, and so on.
The following table presents different scenarios:
2.5 TDM Features
This section describes the Cisco ONS 15302 TDM features.
2.5.1 Tributary Ports
ONS 15302 provides 12 120 ohm 2.048 MHz Tributary Ports on the customer side. 75 ohm operation is supported by adding an external balun.
Each Tributary Port can be individually configured to run in one of the following modes:
•
•
Note
2.5.1.1 Transparent Transmission Mode.
In this mode 2.048 Mbit/s plesiochronous data and timing are transferred independently of frame structure. The two directions of transmission are completely independent of each other.
Downstream AIS is generated on loss of signal or loss of optical frame alignment.
2.5.1.2 ISDN Primary Rate Access (PRA) Transmission Mode.
The functional layout compliant to pr. ETS 300 233 is shown below.
Figure 2-5 ONS 15302 ISDN PRA Configuration
2.5.2 Downlink Transfer
The LTE is transparent to the 2 Mbit/s (Mbps) signal. However, monitoring the G.704 multiframe format is performed for detection of loop back 1 command from the Exchange Termination (TS 0 bit Sa6).
The NTE terminates CRC-4 section 1 by the Receiver (R) circuits, which pass the signal to the Generator (G) circuits with indication of basic frame start. The G circuits generate new TS 0 basic frame and multiframe to CRC-4 section 2, and pass transparently TS1 - TS31 and from TS 0 the RAI bit and the Sa-bits 4 to 8. AIS is generated to the TE on loss of signal and when R circuits have lost alignment to G.704 basic frames.
2.5.3 Uplink
The NTE terminates CRC-4 section 2 in the R circuits, which pass the signal to the G circuits with indication of basic frame start. The G circuits generate new TS 0 basic frame and multiframe to CRC-4 section 1 and pass transparently TS1- TS31 and from TS 0 the RAI bit and the Sa-bits 4,7 and 8.
The G circuits generate substituted frames to the ET on loss of signal or loss of alignment to basic G.704 frames from TE.
The LTE is transparent to the 2 Mbit/s (Mbps) signal.
On loss of optical line signal, the LTE generates an auxiliary pattern AUXP=1010.. to the ET.
2.5.4 Supervision by the Exchange Termination (ET)
The TS 0 bits Sa5 and Sa6 are used for supervision. Bit Sa5 being 0 downlink and 1 uplink, indicates the direction of transmission.
2.5.4.1 ET generated Downlink Sa6 Codes
Normal condition Sa6 = 0000
Loop back 1 command to LTE Sa6 = 1111
Loop back 2 command to NTE Sa6 = 1010
2.5.5 NTE generated Uplink Sa6 Codes
2.5.6 Handling of CRC-4 Errors
CRC-4 errors detected in R circuits downlink and uplink are inserted as E bits to the ET and TE respectively.
If multiframe alignment is not obtained, the NTE reports all E bits 0 error.
Detected bit errors related to CRC-4 section 2 are reported to the ET by use of the two last bits of the Sa6 code in normal operational condition.
Table 2-8 CRC-4 Section 2 Bit
a)
CRC-4 errors detected by the NTE:
0010
b)
CRC-4 errors reported as E-bits from the TE:
0001
a) + b) or no MF alignment to signal received from the TE:
0011
ITU-T Rec.G.706, ANNEX B is applied to CRC-4 section 2 which means that the NTE stops searching for MF alignment after a given period of time without further actions. Continuous Sa6 = 0011 indicates to the ET that quality information is not available from CRC-4 section 2.
2.6 Test Loops
Two test loops are provided per Tributary Port, one in the customer direction (LL3) and one in the network direction (LL2), ( Figure 2-6). One Tributary Port can have only one loop activated at a time. The test loops can be activated, deactivated and monitored by the management system. The loop control logic depends on the tributary mode (TRA or PRA).
•
•
It is possible to change the tributary mode regardless of the state of the loops. If the mode is changed, the loops will be cleared. The Test LED is on if any tributary loop is activated, regardless of the tributary mode.
To change the tributary mode, the loop must be cleared.
The Test Indicator LED is on if any tributary loop is closed, regardless of the tributary mode. This release does not support any monitor points.
Figure 2-6 Test Loops Schematic View
2.7 Alarm Ports
The ONS 15302 provides facilities to report four auxiliary alarm inputs for associated equipment, for example power unit failure, battery condition, cabinet door etc. These alarms are activated by an external loop between a pair of contacts.
The polarity of the auxiliary alarm input ports is a configurable parameter, this means alarm can be defined either as a loop closed or a loop open condition.
The alarms are reported to the management system. Each alarm input port may have an individual configurable textual description associated with it.
The ONS 15302 provides also support for two alarm output ports (Alarm out 1 and Alarm out 2) used to signal equipment alarms and traffic related alarms. Alarm out 1 and Alarm out 2 reflect the status of the operator LED and the customer LED respectively.
2.8 LED Indicators
The LED indicators are used to visualize the ONS 15302 status:
2.9 User Channel
A transparent user channel is provided (F1 byte in RSOH) for transportation of general data. The interface is balanced RS485 and supports synchronous 64 kbit/s or asynchronous 19.2 kbit/s by configuration.
2.10 Automatic System Clock Setting
The ONS 15302 supports time protocol (RFC 868) for automatic date and time adjustment. To utilize this feature a TP server must be available in the network.
Because the time protocol provides UTC (GMT) only, and does not take into account the Day Light Saving Time (summer time), an additional parameter (UTC Delta) allows the user to get the local time. This parameter must be adjusted twice a year to take into account the Day Light Saving Time.
Relevant ONSCLI commands are found in Table 2-11 to Table 2-13.
Note
2.11 Applications
The following subsections describes different Cisco ONS 15302 applications.
2.11.1 Back to Back Application
Normally the ONS 15302 at the customer site is connected to an ONS 15302 at the operator point of presence (PoP). A number of these systems can be connected in a star network and the Ethernet traffic is groomed by an Ethernet switch before it is transmitted to the core network. Figure 2-7 shows the layout of a typical system with the ONS 15302 incorporated. The network in this figure does not have a separate Ethernet backbone network, but this could easily be supported.
Figure 2-7 Back to Back Configuration across the Access Loop
2.11.2 Remote Back to Back Application
The ONS 15302 can also be directly connected to the SDH transport network if the operator wants to do Ethernet grooming at a different site as shown in the figure below.
Figure 2-8 Typical System with no Local Grooming in the PoP
2.11.3 Headquarter Office to Branch Office
The ONS 15302 can be connected to four different ONS 15302 units without any additional Ethernet switch Figure 2-9.
Figure 2-9 Typical System when connected to an ONS 15302
2.11.4 Campus Application
The ONS 15302 can also be connected back to back without any connection to external networks Figure 2-10.
Figure 2-10 Typical Network when used in a Campus Application
2.12 Management
The following main features are supported by the ONS 15302 management system:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The ONS 15302 management solution is based on an embedded SNMP agent, which can be accessed locally or from a remote management application.
2.12.1 Supported MIBs
In addition to the enterprise specific MIBs, the standard MIBs in the below Table 2-14 are partly supported. Partly supported means that relevant parts of the listed MIBs are implemented and used to manage the associated features in the NEs (Network Elements). Not all parts of the MIBs are used, and there are other features in the NEs not managed through standard MIBs (because covering standard MIBs for the latter features do not exist).
2.12.2 Command Line Interface (ONSCLI)
ONS 15302 supports a serial EIA/TIA 232 interface called ONSCLI. ONSCLI is a line oriented ASCII based management interface, which provides a simple local connection to any VT100 compatible terminal. ONSCLI is protected by a password.
The ONS 15302 also supports the connection of a remote ONSCLI terminal over Telnet/IP.
2.12.2.1 Various ONSCLI Management Access Solutions
ONS 15302 is managed by means of the Optical Network System Command Line Interface (ONSCLI). ONSCLI is an ASCII based VT100 terminal interface. The ONS 15302 can be fully managed by means of the ONSCLI interface.
Figure 2-11 Local Management with ONSCLI
Figure 2-12 Possible Remote Management via In Band Traffic
(Looping remote LAN Port to Management Port. See Inband via one of the LAN Ports for restrictions).
Note
2.12.3 Management Connectivity
A local Ethernet interface, called the Management Port, is available for connecting to a management DCN. This port is compatible with IEEE 802.3 and supports 10/100BaseT Ethernet for UTP cables.
If an ONS 15302 has no connectivity to the management DCN via the Management Port, mechanisms for transporting management information in the STM-1 DCC channel are provided.
The ONS 15302 management system is based on SNMP and an IP based DCN. However, if an IP based DCN is not available, ONS 15302 provides a mechanism for connecting via IpPPP based DCN.
2.12.3.1 Ways of Connecting to the Management DCN
ONS 15302 can connect to the management DCN in different ways:
Via the dedicated Ethernet Connector (Management Port)
This solution assumes that both ONS 15302s in a pair have local IP- or OSI connectivity.
Via a proprietary HDLC based Protocol in the STM-1 DCC (DCC-R or DCC-M)
This solution assumes that one of the two ONS 15302s in a pair has IP connectivity via the Management Port and that the DCC channel is transparent between the two devices. In this mode, packets received via the Management Port are broadcasted over the DCC HDLC if the MAC address is within the range assigned to Cisco.
Inband via one of the LAN Ports
In this case the Management Port must be physically connected to one of the LAN ports via an external HUB. The management traffic is carried over the Bridge WAN port. If the ONS 15302 device is not managed by the customer itself, the LAN port used for management must belong to a separate VLAN, this means only three ports are left for customer access.
IP Inband
IP inband means that LAN and WAN ports are carrying management traffic together with customer traffic. The configuration is described in DCN Configurations Supported.
When using IP inband, the management traffic can be routed or switched (using VLANs). If routed, the routing is carried out in hardware (FFT) if IP routing is enabled. Otherwise, IP forwarding is used, this means software based.
Every ONS 15302 has one and only one IP address allocated to it. ONS 15302 also keeps the IP address of its mate ONS 15302. This simplifies the toggling between two ONS 15302s in a pair. In addition, the flexibility above implies the actual DCN strategy must be decided and configured per device (parameters like DCC enable/disable, IP/HDLC etc.).
All ONS 15302 protocol stack options for implementing the above DCN strategies is illustrated in Figure 2-2.
2.13 DCN Features
The required DCN protocol support is shown in Figure 2-2.
The ONSCLI apply the standards in Table 2-15.
2.13.1 SDH DCC Channels
Both DCCR (Regenerator Section) and DCCM (Multiplexer Section) channels are supported independently. Note that both channels should not be active on the same port simultaneously, as this will result in looping of the traffic. Activation/deactivation of DCC channels is configurable on a per port basis.The SDH DCC IP/PPP transport mechanism supports only traffic on the DCC-R. The DCC-M is by default turned off, when the IP/PPP/DCC-R mode is enabled.
TELNET
Telnet sessions are possible via all paths of management traffic. Multiple Telnet sessions are not possible.
Security
It is possible to restrict management access to the ONS 15302.
2.14 DCN Configurations Supported
In this context the term DCN (Data Communication Network) is used to denote the network that transports management information between a management station and the NE. This definition of DCN is sometimes referred to as MCN (Management Communication Network). The DCN is usually physically or logically separated from the customer network.
The ONS 15302 management solution is based on SNMP over IP. The main purpose of the DCN implementation is to provide connectivity to the SNMP Agent inside the OSN 15302 via different DCN topologies. The DCN implementation also support transport of management traffic between other Cisco or third party nodes.
Allthough the management application is IP-based, the DCN solution also support OSI-only and mixed IP/OSI-networks at layer 2 and 3. The various options and features related to different DCN topologies are specified throughout this section.
In general, the term OSI in this section is used to denote a CLNP-routed network, ie. it is only used for L3. Higher level OSI-protocols are not considered. At L2 different protocols are supported, including LAP-D. The ONS 15302 OSI-implementation supports CLNP, IS-IS Level 1 and Level 2 and ES-IS.
For the IP In-band L2 topology the management traffic is switched/routed between LAN/WAN ports. When IP-addressing a VLAN IF (id 100000-104000) the management connectivity is obtained at wire-speed along with the user traffic or on a separate WAN-port dedicated for management.
For all other cases, the following applies:
•
•
–
•
Most topologies in the following sections assume standard numbered IP interfaces, ie. every interface connected to the router takes an IP address and a subnet. However, from R2.0 on, a new feature called IP Unnumbered Interfaces is supported. With this feature the device will need only one IP address .
2.14.1 Management Interfaces
The following interfaces may be used to carry management traffic.
2.14.1.1 Management port
The ONS 15302 has a dedicated Ethernet port for management, called the Management Port. This port can be used for local management, e.g. connecting a craft terminal. It can also be used for connecting to a separate external management network. The management port can be turned off to avoid unauthorised local access. The management port cannot be member of a VLAN.
2.14.1.2 LAN ports
The LAN ports are FE Ethernet ports used for connecting customer IP traffic to the OSN 15302. LAN-ports in ONS 15302 are connected to the switch and can be used to carry management traffic.
2.14.1.3 WAN ports
The WAN ports are device internal FE Ethernet ports that can be mapped into one or more virtual containers of an SDH STM-n signal. From a DCN perspective, there are no functional differences between LAN and WAN ports in ONS 15302.
2.14.1.4 DCC channels
The SDH architecture defines data communication channels (DCC) for transport of management traffic in the regenerator section (DCCR - 192 kbit/s) and in the multiplexer section (DCCM - 576 kbit/s).
The two SDH-links in ONS 15302 may terminate up to 4 DCC channels (2 DCCR and/or 4 DCCM). All DCC channels may be active simultaneously, but this depends on the selected mode. Activation/ deactivation of DCC channels is configurable on a per port basis.
2.14.1.5 Local VT-100 serial port
Also this RS-232 interface is regarded as a management interface, allthough it does not relate to the various DCN topologies described throughout the rest of this section. In ONS15302 full management capability is provided over the ONSCLI.
2.14.2 DCN on Management Port
This configuration is applicable for users connecting an IP based DCN directly to the ONS 15302. For this type of connection, the management port is used, see Figure 2-13.
Figure 2-13 DCN on Management Port
2.14.3 DCN on customer Ethernet Port or WAN Port
This configuration is applicable if the user is connected to one of the customer Ethernet ports, or one of the WAN ports (in band management). IP-Inband means that LAN and WAN ports are carrying management traffic together with customer traffic. This is useful in topologies where (parts of) the SDH-network is owned by a different operator which does not allow a third party to use the DCC capacity. With IP in-band it is possible to build tunnels between islands that have other DCN solutions.
In OSN 15302 all LAN- and WAN-ports are connected to the switch. Any LAN- or WAN-port may be used to carry in-band management traffic, assuming an IP-address is assigned to it, or to the VLAN it belongs to. Between LAN/WAN ports the switching is always at wire-speed. Between LAN/WAN and other management interfaces the traffic is always routed by the CPU. It is possible to split management traffic from user traffic by assigning dedicated LAN/WAN ports to management traffic.
Figure 2-14 DCN on Customer Ethernet Port or WAN Port
2.14.4 PPP/DCC DCN
PPP/DCC means that the management IP-traffic is carried in PPP over the SDH DCC channels according to NSIF-DN-0101-001. The PPP implementation supports RFC1661 (PPP), RFC1662 (PPP in HDLC-like framing) and RFC1332 (IPCP).
Each PPP/DCC channel connects to the IP router individually. Normally this would take one IP subnet per DCC-link, and this is how previous versions of AXX155E would behave.
However, from ONS 15302 R2.0 on a more comprehensive PPP/DCC strategy is supported. This strategy is based on the feature called IP Unnumbered Interfaces, and the rest of this section assumes this option.
The IP Unnumbered concept allows the system to provide IP processing on a serial interface or in general a point-to-point without assigning it an explicit IP address. The IP unnumbered interface borrows the IP address of another interface already configured on the system/router (ie. the Management Port), thereby conserving network and address space, and making the system easier to configure, manage and maintain.
With IP Unnumbered, all nodes connected via PPP-links may be on the same IP subnet. An essential part of the implementation is the DCN ARP Proxy Agent, which makes sure that connectivity between the nodes is obtained without having to provision static routes. The Proxy Agent builds entries for all the DCN IP destinations, and will reply to ARP requests on behalf of them.
IP Unnumbered is regarded as a main mode, and can not be combined with other modes that require numbered interfaces. This implies that this PPP/DCC option can not be combined with IP Inband or OSI.
2.14.4.1 Compatibility issues
The ONS 15302 R2.0 is able to provide DCN connectivity with all types of AXXESSIT devices already deployed, including the installed base of ONS 15302 devices with an earlier software revision. Hence, two additional DCN options, are supported; PPP/DCC for numbered interfaces and proprietary IP/DCC communication.
2.14.4.2 PPP/DCC (IP over PPP)
ONS 15302 supports PPP/DCC also on numbered interfaces. This option can not co-exist with the IP unnumbered version of PPP/DCC. However, the numbered variant of PPP/DCC has the advantage that it can be used in combination with all other DCN modes.
Figure 2-15 IP DCN connectivity to a 3rd Party Network Element
Note
2.14.4.3 IP/DCC (IP over HDLC)
This configuration is applicable for a user having a subnet of Cisco devices and an IP based DCN connected to the management port of the ONS 15302.
IP/DCC is a non-standard IP broadcast mechanism used for conveying management information on the SDH DCC channels in a network of Cisco devices only. The IP datagrams are encapsulated in HDLC frames before they are sent out on the SDH DCC. Broadcast in this context means that the AXXESSIT devices emulate a shared medium on the SDH DCC channels at the MAC layer. Packets with destination MAC different from the device's MAC are forwarded transparently to the active DCC Tx channel(s).
In order not to saturate the DCC with unnecessary traffic, a filtering mechanism for MAC frames can be enabled. If the filter is enabled, MAC frames received via the management port are broadcasted over DCC only if their destination MAC address is within the range assigned to a Cisco system.
An ONS 15302 configured to broadcast management traffic over the management port and DCC (as described above) can be used to provide IP DCN connectivity to a 3rd party network element via its Management Port, provided than the filter mechanism for MAC frames is disabled.
The IP/DCC option has two special restrictions, imposed by the proprietary pseudo-broadcast mechanism:
•
•
Figure 2-16 Broadcasting over Management Port and HDLC- DCC
Figure 2-17 IP DCN connectivity to a 3rd Party Network Element
2.14.5 Protection
The two SDH-links in ONS 15302 are protected by means of MSP (1+1 link protection)
For MSP protected links, the DCN behavior depends on the DCN mode:
•
•
2.14.6 Security
In order to prevent unauthorized access to the SNMP Agent, the following security and traffic control features are supported
2.14.6.1 Management Port On/Off
The Management Port can be turned on and off, thereby preventing unauthorized local access to the management network.
2.14.6.2 SNMPv1 Community
The SNMPv1 packet contains a password (called community string) that must be known by both the manager and the agent. Different community names can be defined for read and read/write access. The community string is, however, transferred un-encrypted.
2.14.6.3 SNMP Manager Identity
This is an enhancement of the SNMPv1 Community feature. Here, the SNMP manager's IP address must be configured in the device subject to management. Only legal combinations of community name and source IP address in SNMP requests are accepted.
2.14.6.4 SNMP Read/Write control
The access rights of the registered management systems can be set to read/write or read only.
2.14.6.5 VLAN (802.1Q)
This security mechanism relates to the IP in-band option only: By configuring a separate VLAN for the management traffic and assigning an IP address to it, the end-users will not be able to access the device or generate traffic into the management VLAN.
2.14.6.6 ONSCLI Access Control
ONSCLI is protected by user name and password. OSNCLI is by default a superuser and can block all remote SNMP users by changing the access rights and passwords. Remote CLI access via Telnet must in addition have a Telnet password.
2.15 ONS 15302 Management
The description of the ONS 15302 management system refers to manageable objects as listed in Table 2-16.
2.16 Fault Management
The following subsections describes Cisco ONS 15302 fault management.
2.16.1 Alarm Handling
The alarms are related to a managed object as defined in Table 2-16.
The ONS 15302 keeps a record of current and historical alarm events.
The list of current alarms contains the following parameters for each alarm:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Port alarms are suppressed if the port itself is disabled. In order to avoid alarm flooding, alarms at different levels are correlated. Lower order alarms are suppressed if a more important alarm at a higher level is active.
In addition to the alarms, the ONS 15302 may generate a number of events. The events are not stored in the current alarm list, but they are appended to the historical alarm list in the same way as the alarms. The historical alarm list contains the same parameters per alarm as the current alarm list, and in addition the following parameter:
•
Both the alarms and the events generate SNMP traps. The traps can be sent to a number of management stations. It is possible to turn SNMP trap sending on or off on a per manager basis. This is the only alarm filtering mechanism provided by the ONS 15302.
Note
Note
Note
Table 2-17 Criterions for Turning Alarms On and Off
MSDEG
> 10 exp -7
< 10 exp -8
LPDEG
> 10 exp -6
< 10 exp -7
2.16.2 Alarm Severity
The Alarm Severity is configurable per alarm object. Default values are assigned automatically as shown in Table 2-19.
2.16.2.1 Alarm Definition
The list below contains all the alarms that are defined for the ONS 15302. For some of the Alarm IDs, the direction (RX or TX) is an integral part of the name. This terminology is used for the direction:
•
•
2.16.3 Alarm Definitions
The different alarms together with their relations to the managed objects are defined in "Managed Objects,"
2.16.4 Alarm Parameters
Table 2-19 defines the parameters associated with an alarm.
.
The Alarm Severity is configurable per alarm object. Default values are assigned automatically.
2.16.5 Alarm Suppression
Alarms are suppressed if the object subject to alarm is disabled. It is possible to inhibit alarm reporting for a specific managed object. It is possible to inhibit all alarms from one ONS 15302. All SDH and PDH objects have two configurable persistency filters:
•
•
In addition, the STM-1 interfaces follow the alarm suppression, ( Table 2-20).
2.16.5.1 Alarm Suppression for Tributary Tx-Alarms
Table 2-21 Alarm Suppression for Tributary Tx-Alarms
Tributary
LOSTX
yes
LFATX
LFATX
yes
2.16.5.2 VC-4 Alarm Suppression for EXC/DEG
Table 2-22 VC-4 Alarm Suppression for EXC/DEG
VC-4
EXC
yes
DEG
no
2.16.5.3 RS Alarm Suppression for EXC/DEG
Table 2-23 RS Alarm Suppression for EXC/DEG
RS
EXC
yes
DEG
no
2.16.5.4 MS Alarm Suppression for EXC/DEG
Table 2-24 MS Alarm Suppression for EXC/DEG
MS
EXC
yes
DEG
no
2.16.5.5 VC-12 Alarm Suppression for EXC/DEG
Table 2-25 VC-12 Alarm Suppression for EXC/DEG
VC-12
EXC
yes
DEG
no
2.16.6 Alarm Collection
It is possible to view the alarms of all ONS 15302 devices present in the network, for example currently reachable from the management system. The ONS 15302 device stores a list of all current alarms and a log of alarm events. The size of the log of alarm events is 1000 entries.
2.16.7 Alarm Classification
It is possible for the operator to change the assignment of alarm severity for each pair of Object Type Alarm ID.
The possible severity levels are:
•
•
•
•
2.16.8 Alarm Indication
The Customer LED on indicates that one or more Tributary alarms are on.
The Operator LED on indicates any alarm on, other than AUX alarms and Tributary alarms.
It is possible to define an alarm severity threshold for each LED defining which alarm severity shall turn on the corresponding LED.
2.17 Configuration Management
The following subsections describes Cisco ONS 15302 configuration management.
Backup and Restoration of Configuration Data
It is possible to back up the configuration data of an ONS 15302 device. It is possible to reload the configuration from the back up. The back up media must be a central repository.
Note
Software Download (Remote Access)
It is possible to download a new software version to the ONS 15302 device.
The download process does not influence traffic processing of TDM traffic (E1s) unless the update/upgrade includes FPGA changes. Ethernet traffic will always influence the Ethernet traffic running via LAN/WAN - ports and remote management connectivity will not be maintained during the reset period. The new software is used when booting after the next restart. The previous software version is saved in the device. If booting with the new software fails, the ONS 15302 reboots with the old software, and an alarm is raised.
The software can be downloaded locally via the management interface or remotely via the DCC channels.
Device Reset
It is possible to reset (reboot) the device with or without resetting the current configuration. Reboot have minimal impact on traffic processing. The following situations will affect Ethernet/IP traffic and require a Device reset to become operative:
•
•
•
•
Device Replacement
It is possible to replace an ONS 15302 device with a new one with an identical physical configuration.
No manual configuration on the device is required. The ONS 15302 is assigned one IP address automatically from a BootP server. In addition, the BootP reply contains a reference to a configuration file, and the IP address of the FTP/TFTP server from where this file can be downloaded. Once the configuration has been received, the ONS 15302 must be rebooted.
Managed Object Attributes
All attributes defined in the chapter "Managed Objects," are available for read or read/write access by the management applications specified in "Command Line Interface (ONSCLI)" section.
2.18 Performance Monitoring
The performance monitoring functions specified in Table 2-26 is available in ONSCLI.
2.18.1 Aggregate Port
Table 2-26 defines the mapping between the dialogue parameters and MIB variables for the Aggregate Port Statistics submenu.
2.18.2 Bridge Port
Performance counters for the Bridge ports (including the WAN port) are available for the manager via the following variables in the RMON MIB:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
As opposed to the Aggregate port counters, the Bridge port counters must be started and stopped by the operator.
ONS 15302 keeps no history records for the Bridge port counters.
2.18.2.1 Ping
An IP ping service is available in the ONS 15302.
This service is available in all management solutions. In ONSCLI this option can be found under the Service menu options. With this service, ping series with different parameters to a number of different devices can be started. The result of each sequence is displayed in the Ping Table. The ping session supports different packet sizes as well as number of pings generated for reply.
2.19 Software Download (Local Access)
It is possible to load a new software version by means of a PC directly attached to the ONSCLI Port. This service requires local operator presence at the ONS 15302. Refer to "Troubleshooting" for more information.
The file is loaded by means of the X modem protocol, and the transfer rate is 15.200 kbit/s.
Note
Table 2-27 S7oftware Download Parameters
File Name
Software File to be downloaded
2.20 Security
The management access to the ONS 15302 is controlled by parameters in a community table. This table can only be modified by users with Super access rights. The parameters in the community table are only visible for Super users.
For each defined user, the following parameters must be provided:
•
•
•
•
One management station (IP address) may have several users with different access rights. These users are identified by means of the community string.
The ONSCLI access is controlled by means of a password, one for the local access and one for the Telnet access. A management station Super user can modify the ONSCLI password.
The ONSCLI user has Super access rights.
2.21 Management Logs
This subsection summarizes the various logs used for alarms, errors and statistics as visualized in Figure 2-18 Management logs.
In addition to the logs described in Table 2-28, the system provides logs for troubleshooting, containing detailed debug information. These logs are not available for normal users, and they are not specified in this document.
Figure 2-18 Management Logs
Posted: Tue Jan 8 08:05:47 PST 2008
All contents are Copyright © 1992--2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Important Notices and Privacy Statement.
