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Cisco Product Number IGS/TR
The IGS Token Ring manual set includes the following:
This publication describes the basic system startup and use of the Cisco Systems IGS/TR. Information in this publication will help you with these tasks:
The Token Ring interface on the IGS/TR can run at either 4 or 16 Mbps. This speed is software selectable. The IGS/TR does not default to any particular ring speed. This speed must be provided the first time the IGS/TR is put to use.
 | Caution Configuring a ring speed that is wrong or incompatible with the connected Token Ring will cause the ring to beacon, which effectively takes the ring down and makes it nonoperational. |
The speed of the Token Ring interface is selected by one of two methods:
Using the setup command facility, enter the ring speed, 4 or 16 Mbps when prompted as follows:
Configuring interface TokenRing0:
Is this interface in use? [yes]:y
Tokenring ring speed ( 4 or 16 ) ? [0]:
To configure the IGS/TR Token Ring interface, use this configuration command:
interface tokenring 0
Then enter the following, where speed is 4, for 4 Mbps operation, or 16, for 16 Mbps operation:
ring-speed speed
The setup command facility enables you to start using your IGS/TR quickly and without extensive background knowledge. It does this by prompting you for the information required to perform basic configuration procedures. The setup command facility is available on all Cisco Systems internetworking products with Release 8.2 or later software.
The setup command facility operates automatically the first time you power on your IGS/TR and when you add new hardware components. To use setup on subsequent occasions, you must invoke it as you would any other command, by entering it at the EXEC prompt (described in the section "Entering Configuration Mode" later in this publication).
Before you start using the setup command facility, you must do the following:
Step 1: Attach an RS-232 ASCII terminal to the system console port located at the rear of the IGS/TR.
Step 2: Configure the terminal to operate at 9600 baud, 8 data bits, no parity, 2 stop bits.
Step 3: Power on the IGS/TR and run the setup program.
In addition, you must know the following before you start:
The setup command facility determines which interfaces are installed and prompts you for configuration information for each one. After you complete one interface, the facility automatically starts over for the next, continuing until each interface has been configured.
When you first power on your console and IGS/TR, a script similar to the following will appear on the screen. The first section of the script displays the banner information, including the software version:
Restricted Rights Legend
Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is
subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph
(c) of the Commercial Computer Software - Restricted
Rights clause at FAR sec. 52.227-19 and subparagraph
(c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer
Software clause at DFARS sec. 252.227-7013.
cisco Systems, Inc.
1525 O'Brien Drive
Menlo Park, California 94025
IGS-BR Software Version 8.2(8)
Copyright (c) 1986-1991 by Cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Tue 12-Dec-91 12:33 by mlb
The next portion of the display is a list of the installed hardware. By reading the installed hardware, the system automatically presents the appropriate interfaces during the configuration process.
Cisco IGS/030(68030) processor (revision I) with 4608K bytes of memory
Serial Number 00178626
Bridging software
1 Token Ring/IEEE 802.5 interface
1 Serial network interface
16 K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory
The first two sections of the configuration script (the banner and the installed hardware) appear each time the system is started up.
At the first-time system startup, the System Configuration Dialog automatically appears, offering the prompts for which you'll provide the answers to configure your system.
--- System Configuration Dialog ---
At any point you can enter a question mark '?' for help.
Refer to the 'Getting Started' Guide for additional help.
Default settings are in square brackets '[]'.
The remainder of the script is the actual configuration process, with each prompt appearing automatically. Press the Return key to accept the default settings.
There is no default for the final prompt; you must answer either yes or no as to whether you will use this configuration. Also note that the setup command only asks you to configure the protocols for each interface that you specified on a global basis. For instance, if you entered no for XNS under the global parameters, the command does not prompt you to configure that protocol under the interface parameters.
The following is a configuration session, designed to illustrate the command flow. Your responses will probably differ from those shown here.
Configuring global parameters:
Enter host name [Gateway]: SandBox
Enter enable password: shovel
Enter virtual terminal password: hammer
Configure SNMP Network Management? [yes]:
Configure IP? [yes]:
Configure IGRP routing? [yes]:
Your IGRP autonomous system number [1]: 109
Configure DECnet? [no]: y
Your area number [1]: 55
Your node number [1]: 87
Area (level 2) routing? [no]: y
Configure XNS? [no]: y
Configure Novell? [no]: y
Configure AppleTalk? [no]: y
Extended networks? [yes]:
Configure CLNS? [no]: n
Configure Vines? [no]: n
Configure bridging? [no]:
Configure MOP? [no]:
Configuring interface parameters:
Configuring interface TokenRing0:
Is this interface in use? [yes]:y
Tokenring ring speed ( 4 or 16 ) ? [0]: 16
Configure IP on this interface? [yes]:
IP address for this interface: 131.108.81.2
Number of bits in subnet field [0]: 8
Class B network is 131.108.0.0, 8 subnet bits; mask is 255.255.255.0
Configure DECnet on this interface? [yes]:
DECnet cost [10]:
Configure XNS on this interface? [yes]:
XNS network number [2]:
Configure Novell on this interface? [yes]:
Novell network number [2]:
Configure AppleTalk on this interface? [yes]:
AppleTalk network number [2]:
appletalk zone name [myzone]:
Configure CLNS on this interface? [yes]: n
Configure Vines on this interface? [yes]:n
Configuring interface Serial0:
Is this interface in use? [yes]:y
Configure IP on this interface? [yes]:
IP address for this interface: 131.108.80.2
Number of bits in subnet field [8]:
Class B network is 131.108.0.0, 8 subnet bits; mask is 255.255.255.0
Configure DECnet on this interface? [yes]:
DECnet cost [10]:
Configure XNS on this interface? [yes]:
XNS network number [5]:
Configure Novell on this interface? [yes]:
Novell network number [5]:
Configure AppleTalk on this interface? [yes]:
AppleTalk network number [5]:
appletalk zone name [myzone]:
Configure CLNS on this interface? [yes]: n
Configure Vines on this interface? [yes]: n
The following configuration command script was created:
hostname SandBox
enable password shovel
line vty 0 4
password hammer
snmp-server community
!
ip routing
decnet routing 55.87
decnet node-type area
xns routing
novell routing
appletalk routing
no bridge 1
!
! Turn off all XNS and Novell to prevent network conflicts.
interface TokenRing0
no xns network
no novell network
interface Serial0
no xns network
no novell network
!
interface TokenRing0
ip address 131.108.81.2 255.255.255.0
decnet cost 10
xns network 2
novell network 2
appletalk cable-range 2-2
appletalk zone myzone
ring-speed 16
!
interface Serial0
ip address 131.108.80.2 255.255.255.0
decnet cost 10
xns network 5
novell network 5
appletalk cable-range 5-5
appletalk zone myzone
!
router igrp 109
network 131.108.0.0
!
end
Use this configuration? [yes/no]: yes
[OK]
Use the enabled mode 'configure' command to modify this
configuration.
Press RETURN to get started!
The server displays the system name (SandBox) followed by an angle bracket (>), which is the prompt of the system's command interpreter.
The command interpreter is called the EXEC. The EXEC interprets the commands you enter and carries out the corresponding operations.
You can enter commands when you see the system prompt, which is the system's host name ending with an angle bracket (>). Although the default system host name is Gateway>, this may have been changed during the initial configuration using the setup command or with the hostname configuration command. The following sections describe how to use the EXEC.
The EXEC accepts commands entered in uppercase letters, lowercase letters, or both. You can also abbreviate commands and other keywords to the number of characters that cause the command to be a unique abbreviation. For example, you can abbreviate the show command to sh.
If you enter the wrong character, you can erase characters one at a time with the Delete or the Backspace key. Press either key to erase the last character typed. To erase the entire line, enter Ctrl-U. (This notation means hold down the Ctrl key and press the U key.) The server acts on most commands after you press the Return key.
You can list available EXEC commands by entering a question mark (?). You can also enter a question mark to obtain more information about commands. For example, enter terminal ? to display a list of terminal commands or show ? to display a list of show commands.
Certain EXEC commands produce multiple screens of output. At the end of each screen, the EXEC pauses and displays the following:
-More-
To continue the output, enter a space, or to return to the system command prompt, enter any other key.
For security purposes, the EXEC has two levels of access: user and privileged. The commands available at the user level are a subset of the commands available at the privileged level. Because many of the privileged commands set operating parameters, the privileged level should be password protected to prevent its unauthorized use. The system prompt for the privileged level ends with a pound sign (#) instead of an angle bracket (>).
The EXEC enable command allows access to the privileged level, prompting for a password if one has been set with the enable-password configuration command.
To display a list of the user-level EXEC commands similar to the following, enter the ? (question mark) command at the user level:
Gateway>?
connect <host> Connect to host - same as typing just a host name
disconnect <cn> Break the connection specified by name or number
exit, quit Exit from the EXEC
name-connection Give a connection a logical name
resume Make the named connection be current
show <cmd> Information commands, type "show ?" for list
systat Show terminal lines and users
telnet <host> Connect to host using telnet protocol
terminal Change terminal's parameters, type "terminal ?"
where Show open connections
<cr> To resume connection
To access the privileged command level, enter enable and then enter the password. To display a list of privileged-level EXEC commands similar to this example, enter the ? (question mark) command:
Gateway#?
clear Reinitialization functions, type "clear ?" for list
configure Configure from terminal or over network
connect <host> Connect to host - same as typing just a host name
debug Enable debugging functions, type "debug ?" for list
disable Turn off privileged commands
disconnect <cn> Break the connection specified by name or number
enable Turn on privileged commands
exit, quit Exit from the EXEC
name-connection Give a connection a logical name
ping Send echo messages
reload Halt and reload system
resume Make the named connection be current
send <line>|* Send message to a terminal line or lines
setup Initialize system configuration
show <cmd> Information commands, type "show ?" for list
systat Show terminal lines and users
telnet <host> Connect to host using telnet protocol
terminal Change terminal's parameters, type "terminal ?"
test Run hardware tests, type "test ?"
trace <address> Trace route to <address>
undebug Disable debugging functions, type "undebug ?" for list
where Show open connections
write Write configuration memory, type "write ?" for list
<cr> To resume connection
To return to the user level prompt, enter disable at the EXEC prompt.
The EXEC command configure begins the configuration mode, where you enter the commands to configure your IGS/TR for its particular routing or bridging function. The following section describes the use of this command.
Use the privileged EXEC command configure to configure the IGS/TR system.
Begin by entering the privileged level of the EXEC. This is done by entering the enable command at the EXEC prompt:
Gateway>enable
The EXEC then prompts you for privileged level password:
Password:Enter the password. For security purposes, the password will not be displayed. (Also note that the password is case sensitive.) When you enter the correct password, the system displays the privileged mode system prompt:
Gateway#To begin configuration mode, enter the configure command at the privileged mode prompt:
Gateway#configureWhen you enter this command, the EXEC prompts you for the source of the configuration subcommands:
Configuring from terminal, memory, or network [terminal]?The default is to enter commands from the terminal console. Pressing the Return key begins this configuration method.
The EXEC provides you with a simple editor for entering the configuration commands, and explains the editing functions:
Enter configuration commands, one per line.Table 1 lists the edit key functions and their meanings.
Key | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Delete or Backspace | Erases one character |
| Ctrl-W | Erases a word |
| Ctrl-U | Erases a line |
| Ctrl-R | Redisplays a line |
| Return | Executes single-line commands |
| Ctrl-Z | Ends configuration mode and returns to the EXEC |
The configuration subcommands are categorized by these functions:
The descriptions of the commands include the command type and examples of their use.
As with EXEC commands, you can enter configuration subcommands in uppercase letters, lowercase letters, or both. You can also shorten all commands and other keywords to unique abbreviations. You can add comments by preceding the line with an exclamation point (!). Comments do not affect command processing.
If you make a typing mistake, use the Delete or Backspace key to erase a character, Ctrl-W to erase a word, and Ctrl-U to erase a line. To redisplay a line, use Ctrl-R. See Table 2-1 for a list of valid commands.
The IGS/TR executes single-line commands when you press the Return key. The IGS/TR does not display confirmation messages as it executes the commands. If the IGS/TR encounters a problem, it displays an error message on the console terminal. When you enter Ctrl-Z, the IGS/TR exits the configuration mode.
In most cases, you can negate a configuration subcommand or restore a default by entering no before the subcommand keyword. You can usually omit the arguments of the subcommand when you negate it with no. The command descriptions note any exceptions to these rules.
Following are some examples of configuration files which illustrate how to enter the configuration commands.
Use global configuration commands to enable functions that affect the system rather than a particular line or interface and can appear any place within the configuration file. An example of this is the hostname command, the global configuration command which defines the host name or the name of the router:
hostname router-1Commands to enable a particular routing or bridging function are also global configuration commands. The following example illustrates how to enable the Xerox Network System routing protocol:
xns routing 0123.4567.abcdOnce enabled, interface characteristics for XNS routing are specified using the interface command and XNS-specific interface subcommands. Command descriptions in the sections describing configuration will define the command type.
Interface subcommands modify the operation of an interface such as a Token Ring or serial port. Interface subcommands always follow an interface command which defines the interface type.
To enable XNS network 1 on interface Token Ring 0, enter the following:
interface tokenring 0
xns network 1
The EXEC accepts commands in uppercase and lowercase letters. Exclamation points are not parsed and serve as comment lines and delimiters between configuration commands.
If you forget to enter the interface command, the system displays the following message: must specify a network interface.
Line subcommands modify the operation of a serial terminal line. Line subcommands always follow a line command which defines the line number. If you forget to enter the line command, the system displays the following message: must specify a line or range of lines.
To set the password on line 5, enter the following:
line 5
password secretword
Router subcommands are used to configure IP routing protocol characteristics and always follow a router command. The following example illustrates how to set the maximum hop metric for the Cisco IGRP routing protocol:
router igrp
metric maximum-hops 150
If you forget to enter the router command, the system displays the following message: must specify a routing protocol.
To end your configuration sessions, remember to enter Ctrl-Z, and to use the disable command to leave the privileged level mode.
If you used the setup command's interactive dialog prompts to start your configuration file, it was saved in nonvolatile memory when you finished the prompts. If you chose not to create your configuration file this way, there are several options you can now use to create the configuration file.
The IGS/TR holds configuration information in two places--in running memory and in nonvolatile memory. Configuration information in running memory is temporary and will not be stored if power is shut off. Configuration information in nonvolatile memory is always available.
To copy current (running) configuration information to nonvolatile memory, use the EXEC command write memory. This command stores all nondefault configuration information as configuration commands in text format. The command also records a checksum for the information to protect against data corruption.
To display information stored in nonvolatile memory, use the EXEC command show configuration. You can use this command and the write terminal command to find differences between the current configuration (that in running memory) and that stored in nonvolatile memory. To clear the contents of nonvolatile memory, use the EXEC command write erase.
The write commands create their output by examining the state of the system currently running. The output produced by the write commands is generated by the software and will not necessarily match the text the user entered to create the current configuration.
The IGS/TR also allows you to store the configuration file on a network host. (This allows you to use an editor on the host to edit and create the configuration file.) To copy the current configuration information to a server host on the network, use the EXEC command write network. Use of this command is described later in this section.
To issue configuration commands from the console terminal, enter the EXEC command configure at the privileged-level EXEC prompt and enter configuration mode.
The IGS/TR responds with this prompt asking you to specify the terminal, a file, or nonvolatile memory as the source of configuration commands.
Configuring from terminal, memory, or network [terminal]?To begin configuration, enter terminal at the prompt or just press Return (since terminal is the default) to start command collection.
During command collection, the IGS/TR accepts one configuration command per line. You can enter as many configuration subcommands as you want.
When you finish entering configuration commands, enter Ctrl-Z. This returns you to the EXEC where you can test your configuration or write the configuration commands to memory.
At periodic intervals, you will want to write the configuration information into nonvolatile memory or to a configuration file stored on a remote host. This will make checking, adding information to, and booting the configuration file easier. The procedures for writing information to nonvolatile memory are described next.
After you enter the desired configuration information at the console terminal, use the privileged EXEC command write memory to make a copy of the configuration information in the nonvolatile memory. Nonvolatile memory stores the current configuration information in text format as configuration commands, recording only nondefault settings. The memory is checksummed to guard against corrupted data.
As part of its start-up sequence, the IGS/TR startup software always checks for configuration information in the nonvolatile memory. Once the nonvolatile memory holds valid configuration commands, the IGS/TR executes the commands automatically at startup. If the IGS/TR detects a problem with the nonvolatile memory or the configuration information it contains, the IGS/TR can enter the setup mode, prompting for configuration information. Problems can include a bad checksum for the information in the nonvolatile memory and the absence of critical information.
To display the configuration information stored in the nonvolatile memory, enter the show configuration EXEC command at the privileged mode EXEC prompt.
To clear the contents of the nonvolatile memory, enter the write erase EXEC command at the privileged level EXEC prompt.
To re-execute the configuration commands stored in nonvolatile memory, enter memory at the configure mode prompt:
Configuring from terminal, memory, or network [terminal]?memoryTo store configuration information on a remote host, enter the privileged EXEC command write network. This command sends a copy of the current configuration information to a remote host. The command will prompt you for the destination host's address and a file name, as the following example illustrates:
Tokyo#write network
Remote host [131.108.2.155]?
Name of configuration file to write [tokyo-confg]?
Write file tokyo-confg on host 131.108.2.155? [confirm]y
Writing tokyo-confg...
[OK]
To retrieve and/or add to the configuration information stored on a host file on a device on your network, enter network at the configure mode prompt as follows:
Configuring from terminal, memory, or network [terminal]?networkThe system will ask you to select a host or network configuration file, for the address of the host, and for a file name. The following example illustrates this process:
Host or network configuration file [host]?
IP address of remote host [255.255.255.255]? 131.108.2.155
Name of configuration file [tokyo-confg]?
Configure using tokyo-confg from 131.108.2.155? [confirm]y
Booting tokyo-confg from 131.108.2.155: !! [OK - 874/16000 bytes]
It is also possible to configure your IGS/TR to automatically download the configuration file from a host. See the Gateway System Manual, November 1990 or the Router Products Configuration and Reference, Volumes I and II (software version 8.3) for details.
To halt and restart the IGS/TR, enter the reload EXEC command. If the system is set to restart on error, it reboots itself.
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