Bootstrap Program

This appendix describes the Bootstrap Program, also known as the ROM Monitor. The Bootstrap Program can help you isolate or rule out hardware problems encountered when installing your router. A summary of the bootstrap diagnostic tests and command options is provided.

Entering the Bootstrap Program

The bootstrap diagnostics help initialize the processor hardware and boot the main operating system software. If you set the software configuration register (bits 3, 2, 1, and 0) to zero, you can start the server in standalone bootstrap mode. The bootstrap mode prompt is an angle bracket (>).

To enable the Break key, and to default to booting in the bootstrap mode, at the bootstrap prompt (>), set the configuration register to 0x0 by entering the following:

o/r 0x0

See Table C-1 for an explanation of the o/r command.

While running the system software, you can reset the configuration register to 0x0 by entering configuration mode, and then entering the configuration command following:

config-register 0x0

The new configuration register value, 0x0, takes effect after the router is rebooted. If you set the configuration to 0x0, you will have to manually boot the system each time you reboot the router.

Time Saver Break (system interrupt) is always enabled for 60 seconds after rebooting the system, even if break is configured to be off by setting the configuration register. During the 60-second window, you can break to the bootstrap program prompt.

Available Bootstrap Commands

Once in the bootstrap mode, enter ? at the > prompt to display a list of available commands and options, as follows:


?
$            Toggle cache state
B [filename] [TFTP Server IP address | TFTP Server Name]
             Load and execute system image from ROM or from TFTP server
C [address]  Continue [optional address]
D /S M L V   Deposit value V of size S into location L with modifier M
E /S M L     Examine location L with size S with modifier M
G [address]  Begin execution
H            Help for commands
I            Initialize
K            Displays Stack trace
L [filename] [TFTP Server IP address | TFTP Server Name]
             Load system image from ROM or from TFTP server, but do not
             begin execution
O            Show software configuration register option settings
P            Set break point
S            Single step next instruction
T function   Test device (? for help)
Deposit and Examine sizes may be B (byte), L (long) or S (short).
Modifiers may be R (register) or S (byte swap).
Register names are: D0-D7, A0-A7, SS, US, SR, and PC.

The following system bootstrap commands are among the most useful:

Boot--The b command with no argument reboots the system and boots the default software from ROM as defined by the lower four bits of the configuration register which form the boot field. You can include an argument, filename, to specify a file to be booted over the network using the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP). You can also include a second argument, host, which is the Internet address or name of a particular server host. You must enter i and press Return before entering b. The various forms of the b command follow:

b--boots the default system software from ROM b filename [host]--netboots using TFTP b flash--boots the first file in Flash memory b flash [filename]--boots the file (filename) from Flash memory

: To prevent the router from automatically netbooting, enter the o/r 0x0 command as follows:


> o/r 0x0

Continue--The c command allows you to exit the bootstrap mode without rebooting the router after you press the Break key while running the system software image.
Help--The h command prints a summary of the bootstrap commands to the console screen.This is the same output as entering ?.
Initialize--The i command causes the bootstrap program to reinitialize the hardware, clear the contents of memory, and boot the system if so directed by the boot field in the virtual configuration register. (It is best to use the i command before running any tests or booting software.)
Display Stack Trace--The k command displays a stack trace of the last running system software. This will be useful as a diagnostic reading in the event of a problem such as an unexpected system crash.
Display/Reset Virtual Configuration Register--The o command displays the virtual configuration register. The o command used with the /r option will reset the configuration register to the default and cause the system software image to ignore the configuration register information (sets the ignore NVRAM contents bit, 0x0040). To reset to the default, enter the following at the > prompt:

o/r

Table C-1 lists additional o command options.

O Command Options

Monitor Command	Function
o	Displays the virtual configuration register, currently in effect, with a description of the bits
o/r	Resets the virtual configuration register to the defaults as follows: 9600 baud console UART speed break/abort has no effect ignore the system configuration boot from ROM
o/r 0xvalue	Sets the virtual configuration register to the (hex) value, value

To automatically reboot the router, enter the i command after entering the o/r command.

Note To enable the router to read the nonvolatile RAM configuration, clear the ignore NVRAM contents bit (0x0040) with the config-register command after using the o/r command.

Memory/Bus Diagnostic--The t m command runs the memory test. By default, the memory test examines processor main memory.

Caution It is good practice for you to save the configuration in a file on a host in your network before testing.

: To test memory, enter the t command with the m option at the > prompt, as follows:

t m

: To use the default addresses and select the default tests, press the Return key after each prompt displayed.

The time to run a diagnostic is memory size dependent. It will take a minimum of ten minutes. If the program encounters memory problems, it will display appropriate error messages on the console terminal. Be sure to reinitialize the processor before booting the system by entering i at the bootstrap prompt.

Running the Diagnostics

Follow these steps to run the bootstrap diagnostics:

Step 1 Turn OFF the unit.

Step 2 Restart the router.

Step 3 Within 60 seconds, press the Break key on the console terminal to force the server into the bootstrap program. Wait for the server to print the two-line banner message and for the angle bracket (>) prompt to appear.

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