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Chapter 2. System and Network Administration Overview

2.1. Common Commands

Following are lists of commonly used system administration commands.

2.1.7. Managing Filesystems

To Unix systems, a filesystem is some device (such as a hard drive, floppy, or CD-ROM) that is formatted to store files. Filesystems can be found on hard drives, floppies, CD-ROMs, or other storage media that permit random access.

The exact format and means by which the files are stored are not important; the system provides a common interface for all filesystem types that it recognizes. Under Linux, filesystem types include the Second Extended Filesystem, or ext2fs, which you probably use to store Linux files. The second extended filesystem was developed primarily for Linux and supports 256-character filenames, 4-terabyte maximum filesystem size, and other useful features. (It is "second" because it is the successor to the extended filesystem type.) Other common filesystem types include the MS-DOS filesystem, which allows files on MS-DOS partitions and floppies to be accessed under Linux, and the ISO 9660 filesystem used by CD-ROMs.

debugfs Debug extfs filesystem.
dosfsck Check and repair a DOS or VFAT filesystem.
dumpe2fs Print information about superblock and blocks group.
e2fsck Check and repair a second extended filesystem.
fdformat Format floppy disk.
fsck Check and repair filesystem.
fsck.minix Check and repair a MINIX filesystem.
fuser List processes using a filesystem.
mke2fs Make new second extended filesystem.
mkfs Make new filesystem.
mkfs.ext2 Another name for mke2fs.
mkfs.minix Make new MINIX filesystem.
mklost+found Make lost+found directory.
mkraid Set up a RAID device.
mkswap Designate swap space.
mount Mount a filesystem.
raidstart Activate a RAID device.
raidstop Turn off a RAID device.
rdev Describe or change values for root filesystem.
rootflags List or set flags to use in mounting root filesystem.
showmount List exported directories.
swapdev Display or set swap device information.
swapoff Cease using device for swapping.
swapon Begin using device for swapping.
sync Write filesystem buffers to disk.
tune2fs Manage second extended filesystem.
umount Unmount a filesystem.


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