Processing Every Word in a File (PHP Cookbook)

18.8. Processing Every Word in a File

18.8.1. Problem

You want to do something with every word in a file.

18.8.2. Solution

Read in each line with fgets( ), separate the line into words, and process each word:

$fh = fopen('great-american-novel.txt','r') or die($php_errormsg);
while (! feof($fh)) {
    if ($s = fgets($fh,1048576)) {
        $words = preg_split('/\s+/',$s,-1,PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
        // process words
    }
}
fclose($fh) or die($php_errormsg);

18.8.3. Discussion

Here's how to calculate average word length in a file:

$word_count = $word_length = 0;

if ($fh = fopen('great-american-novel.txt','r')) {
  while (! feof($fh)) {
    if ($s = fgets($fh,1048576)) {
      $words = preg_split('/\s+/',$s,-1,PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
      foreach ($words as $word) {
        $word_count++;
        $word_length += strlen($word);
      }
    }
  }
}

print sprintf("The average word length over %d words is %.02f characters.",
              $word_count,
              $word_length/$word_count);

Processing every word proceeds differently depending on how "word" is defined. The code in this recipe uses the Perl-compatible regular-expression engine's \s whitespace metacharacter, which includes space, tab, newline, carriage return, and formfeed. Section 2.6 breaks apart a line into words by splitting on a space, which is useful in that recipe because the words have to be rejoined with spaces. The Perl-compatible engine also has a word-boundary assertion (\b) that matches between a word character (alphanumeric) and a nonword character (anything else). Using \b instead of \s to delimit words most noticeably treats differently words with embedded punctuation. The term 6 o'clock is two words when split by whitespace (6 and o'clock); it's four words when split by word boundaries (6, o, ', and clock).

18.8.4. See Also

Section 13.3 discusses regular expressions to match words; Section 1.5 for breaking apart a line by words; documentation on fgets( ) at http://www.php.net/fgets, on preg_split( ) at http://www.php.net/preg-split, and on the Perl-compatible regular expression extension at http://www.php.net/pcre.