17.2. eqn
eqn is a preprocessor designed to facilitate the typesetting of
mathematical equations. Use neqn with nroff.
eqn has the following command-line syntax:
eqn [options] [files]
The canonical reference for eqn is
Typesetting Mathematics--User's Guide,
by L.L. Cherry and B.W. Kernighan,
in UNIX Programmer's Manual, Tenth Edition,
Volume 2,
AT&T Bell Laboratories, M.D. McIlroy and A.G. Hume editors,
Holt Rinehart & Winston, 1990.
This paper may be downloaded from
http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/doc/74/eqn.ps.gz.
17.2.1. Options- -dxy
- Use x and y as start and stop delimiters;
same as specifying the eqn directive
delim xy.
- -fn
- Change to font n; same as the gfont directive.
- -pn
- Reduce size of superscripts and subscripts by n points.
If -p is not specified, the default reduction is 3 points.
- -sn
- Reduce the point size by n points;
same as the gsize directive.
- -Tdev
- Format output to device dev. The default value comes from
the TYPESETTER environment variable.
Not available with neqn.
(This option is not on Solaris eqn.)
17.2.2. eqn Macros
.EQ | Start typesetting mathematics.
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.EN | End typesetting mathematics.
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Use the checkeq command to check for unmatched macro pairs.
(Not all systems have it, though.)
17.2.4. Mathematical TextDigits, parentheses, brackets, punctuation marks, and the following
mathematical words are printed out in roman font:
sin | cos | tan | arc |
sinh | cosh | tanh | |
and | if | for | det |
max | min | lim | |
log | ln | exp | |
Re | Im | | |
17.2.7. Keywords Recognized by eqnIn addition to character names and diacritical marks,
eqn recognizes the following keywords.
above | Separate the pieces of a pile or matrix column.
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back n | Move backwards horizontally n 1/100s of an em.
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bold | Change to bold font.
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ccol | Center-align a column of a matrix.
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cpile | Make a centered pile (same as pile).
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define | Create a name for a frequently used string.
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delim xy | Define two characters to mark the left and right ends of an eqn
equation to be printed inline. Use delim off to turn off
delimiters.
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down n | Move down n 1/100s of an em.
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fat | Widen the current font by overstriking it.
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font x |
Change to font x,
where x is the name or
number of a font.
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from | Used in summations, integrals, and similar constructions to signify the
lower limit.
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fwd n | Move forward horizontally n 1/100s of an em.
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gfont x | Set a global font x for all equations.
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gsize n | Set a global size for all equations.
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italic | Change to italic font.
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lcol | Left-justify a column of a matrix.
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left | Create big brackets, big braces, big bars, etc.
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lineup | Line up marks in equations on different lines.
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lpile | Left-justify the elements of a pile.
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mark | Remember the horizontal position in an equation. Used with lineup.
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matrix | Create a matrix.
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ndefine | Create a definition that takes effect only when neqn is running.
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over | Make a fraction.
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pile | Make a vertical pile with elements centered above each other.
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rcol | Right-adjust a column of a matrix.
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right | Create big brackets, big braces, big bars, etc.
Must have a matching left.
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roman | Set following constant in roman.
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rpile | Right-justify the elements of a pile.
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size n | Change the size of the font to n.
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sqrt | Take the square root of the following equation element.
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sub | Start a subscript.
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sup | Start a superscript.
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tdefine | Make a definition that applies only to eqn.
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to | Used in summations, integrals, and similar constructions to signify the
upper limit.
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up n | Move up n 1/100s of an em.
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~ | Force extra space into the output.
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^ | Force a space one-half the size of the space forced by ~.
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{ } | Force eqn to treat an element as a unit.
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"..." | A string within quotes is not subject to alterations by eqn.
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17.2.8. PrecedenceIf you don't use braces, eqn performs operations in the order shown in this list, reading from left to right.
dyad | vec | under | bar |
tilde | hat | dot | dotdot |
fwd | back | down | up |
fat | roman | italic | bold |
size | sub | sup | sqrt |
over | from | to | |
These operations group to the left:
All others group to the right.
eqn defines a language for writing mathematics.
Thus, there is a grammar with rules about how to group
and order items within the equation.
See the Bell Labs memorandum for the full story.
17.2.9. eqn ExamplesInput:
.EQ
delim %%
.EN
%sum from i=0 to inf c sup i~=~lim from {m -> inf}
sum from i=0 to m c sup i%
.EQ
delim off
.EN
Result:
Input:
.EQ
x ~=~ left [ { -b ~+-~ sqrt {b sup 2 - ~4ac} }
over 2a right ]
.EN
Result:
| | | 17. troff Preprocessors | | 17.3. pic |
Copyright © 2003 O'Reilly & Associates. All rights reserved.
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