join

join [options ] file1 file2

Join the common lines of sorted file1 and sorted file2 . Read standard input if file1 is - . The output contains the common field and the remainder of each line from file1 and file2 . In the options below, n can be 1 or 2, referring to file1 or file2 .

Options

-a [n ]

List unpairable lines in file n (or both if n is omitted). Solaris does not allow omission of n .

-e s

Replace any empty output field with the string s .

-j n m

Join on the m th field of file n (or both files if n is omitted).

-o n.m

Each output line contains fields specified by file number n and field number m . The common field is suppressed unless requested.

-t c

Use character c as field separator for input and output.

-v n

Print only the unpairable lines in file n . With both -v 1 and -v 2 , all unpairable lines are printed. Solaris only.

-1 m

Join on field m of file 1. Fields start with 1. Solaris only.

-2 m

Join on field m of file 2. Fields start with 1. Solaris only.

Examples

Assuming the following input files:

$ cat score


olga    81      91
rene    82      92
zack    83      93
$ cat grade


olga    B       A
rene    B       A

List scores followed by grades, including unmatched lines:

$ join -a1 score grade


olga 81 91 B A
rene 82 92 B A
zack 83 93

Pair each score with its grade:

$ join -o 1.1 1.2 2.2 1.3 2.3 score grade


olga 81 B 91 A
rene 82 B 92 A