grep

grep [options ] regexp [files ]

Search one or more files for lines that match a regular expression regexp . Regular expressions are described in Chapter 6 . Exit status is 0 if any lines match, 1 if not, and 2 for errors. See also egrep and fgrep .

Options

-b

Precede each line with its block number. (Not terribly useful.)

-c

Print only a count of matched lines.

-e pat

Use this if pat begins with - . Solaris: this option is only available in /usr/xpg4/bin/grep , not /usr/bin/grep . It is common, though, on many modern Unix systems.

-h

Print matched lines but not filenames (inverse of -l ).

-i

Ignore uppercase and lowercase distinctions.

-l

List filenames but not matched lines.

-n

Print lines and their line numbers.

-s

Suppress error messages for nonexistent or unreadable files.

-v

Print all lines that don't match regexp .

-w

Restrict regexp to matching a whole word (like using \< and \> in vi ). Not on SVR4, but common on many commercial Unix systems.

Examples

List the number of users who use the C shell:

grep -c /bin/csh /etc/passwd

List header files that have at least one #include directive:

grep -l '^#include' /usr/include/*

List files that don't contain pattern :

grep -c

 pattern
 files
 | grep :0