This code uses the difference technique to find non-citrus foods:
# %food_color per the introduction
# %citrus_color is a hash mapping citrus food name to its color.
%citrus_color = ( Lemon => "yellow",
Orange => "orange",
Lime => "green" );
# build up a list of non-citrus foods
@non_citrus = ( );
foreach (keys %food_color) {
push (@non_citrus, $_) unless $citrus_color{$_};
}