6.3.1 Using print for Normal Output

We've already used print to display text on standard output. Let's expand on that a bit.

The print function takes a list of strings and sends each string to standard output in turn, without any intervening or trailing characters added. What might not be obvious is that print is really just a function that takes a list of arguments, and returns a value like any other function. In other words,

$a = print("hello ", "world", "\n");

would be another way to say hello world . The return value of print is a true or false value, indicating the success of the print . It nearly always succeeds, unless you get some I/O error, so $a in this case would usually be 1.

Sometimes you'll need to add parentheses to print as shown in the example, especially when the first thing you want to print itself starts with a left parenthesis, as in:

print (2+3),"hello";   # wrong! prints 5, ignores "hello"
print ((2+3),"hello"); # right, prints 5hello
print 2+3,"hello";     # also right, prints 5hello

6.3.2 Using printf for Formatted Output

You may wish a little more control over your output than print provides. In fact, you may be accustomed to the formatted output of C's printf function. Fear not: Perl provides a comparable operation with the same name.

The printf function takes a list of arguments (enclosed in optional parentheses, like the print function). The first argument is a format control string, defining how to print the remaining arguments. If you're not familiar with the standard printf function, you should probably check out the manpage for printf (3) or perlfunc (1), if you have one, or look at the description in Chapter 3 of Programming Perl .

As an example, however

printf "%15s %5d %10.2f\n", $s, $n, $r;

prints $s in a 15-character field, then space, then $n as a decimal integer in a 5-character field, then another space, then $r as a floating-point value with 2 decimal places in a 10-character field, and finally a newline.