16.3 Interpret the Output

Some debugging output references C-language structures that are internal to sendmail. For those, it will help if you have access to sendmail source. One subroutine, called printaddr( ), is used to dump complete details about all the recipients for a given mail message. This subroutine is used by many categories of debugging output, but rather than describe it repeatedly, we describe it once, here, and reference this description as needed.

The sendmail program's internal printaddr( ) subroutine prints details about addresses. The sendmail program views an address as more than just an expression such as gw@wash.dc.gov. Internally, it represents every address with a C-language structure. The printaddr( ) routine prints the values stored in most of the items of that structure. Its output looks like this:

subroutine: ra= addr:
        mailer mnum(mname), host hname
        user `uname', ruser `rname'  
        state=state, next=link, alias aname, uid user-id, gid group-id
        flags=fhex<names here>
        owner=owner, home="home", fullname="fname"
        orcpt="oparam", statmta=mta, status=status
        finalrcpt="finalrcpt"
        rstatus="rstatus"
        statdate=statdate

First, sendmail prints the address in memory, ra, of the C-language struct that contains the information necessary to deliver a mail message. It then prints the information in that structure:

addr: The mail address as text—e.g., you@uofa.edu.
mnum: Number of the delivery agent to be used (an index into the array of delivery agents).
mname: Symbolic name of that delivery agent (from rule set parse 0, $#).
hname: Name of the recipient's host machine (from rule set parse 0, $@).
uname: Recipient's mail name (from rule set parse 0, $:).
rname: Recipient's login name, if known; otherwise, it is <null>.
state: The current state of the message in text form. See Table 16-2 for a list of the text names that can be printed, and their meanings.

Table 16-2. State names
State name	Description
QS_OK	The message is initially in an untried, OK state
QS_DONTSEND	The message must not be sent to this address
QS_BADADDR	The address is bad
QS_QUEUEUP	The message should be queued for this address
QS_RETRY	Proceed to the next MX server and try again
QS_SENT	The message was successfully delivered or relayed to this address
QS_VERIFIED	The address has been verified, but not alias-expanded
QS_EXPANDED	The address has been alias-expanded
QS_SENDER	This address is that of the sender
QS_CLONED	This address was cloned as part of envelope splitting
QS_DISCARDED	This recipient address must be discarded
QS_REPLACED	This address was replaced by the User Database or the localaddr rule set 5
QS_REMOVED	This address has been removed from the recipient list
QS_DUPLICATE	This is a duplicate address that has been suppressed
QS_INCLUDED	This address resulted in a :include: expansion

link: Address in memory of the next C-language structure of information about the next recipient in the list of recipients.
aname: Address in memory of the next C-language structure of information about the alias that led to this address (if there was one).
user-id and group-id: The user-id and group-id assigned to this delivery agent. These values are derived from the ownership permissions of a :include: file or a ~/.forward file (Section 12.2.2), or the user-id and group-id of a local user or the DefaultUser's identity (DefaultUser).
fhex: A hexadecimal representation of the possible envelope flags. This is immediately followed by a list of the names of flags inside the angle brackets. (See Table 16-3 for a description of each flag name.)
owner: The owner- that corresponds to the aname, if there is one.
home: Home directory of the recipient (for local mail only).

Table 16-3. Address flags
Flag name	Description
QALIAS	This is an expanded alias
QBOGUSSHELL	User has no valid shell listed
QBYNDELAY	For DELIVERBY, set notify, delayed
QBYNRELAY	For DELIVERBY, set notify, relayed
QBYTRACE	For DELIVERBY, set trace
QDELAYED	For DSN, notify if message delayed
QDELIVERED	For DSN, notify if successful final delivery
QEXPANDED	For DSN, notify if address has undergone list expansion
QGOODUID	The user-id and group-id fields are good
QHASNOTIFY	Propagate the notify parameter
QNOTREMOTE	This address is not for remote forwarding
QPINGONDELAY	Provide return notice if message is delayed
QPINGONFAILURE	Provide return notice if failure
QPINGONSUCCESS	Provide return notice if successful delivery
QPRIMARY	Address was specified with SMTP RCPT or on command line
QRCPTOK	Internal recipient( ) routine processed the address
QRELAYED	For DSN, set that the message was relayed to non-DSN-aware system
QSELFREF	This address references itself
QTHISPASS	A scratch bit that indicates the address passed this time
QUNSAFEADDR	Address acquired via unsafe path

fname: Full name of the recipient, if it is known.
oparam: The ORCPT parameter to the SMTP RCPT command, if there was one.
mta: The name of the MTA host (such as "other.dc.gov") that generated the Delivery Status Notification (DSN) message shown in rstatus.
finalrcpt: The DSN FinalRecipient: value—for example, "RFC822; gw@wash.dc.gov."
status: The DSN number as text.
rstatus: The DSN message from the remote receiving host's MTA.
statdate: The date and time the status of this address changed.

16.3 Interpret the Output

Table 16-2. State names

Table 16-3. Address flags