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Chapter 35 Headers |
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35.8 Precedence
The cost
of a mail message determines its ability to be sent
despite a high machine load
and its position in the queue when the queue is processed.
Each mail message has a priority and a cost.
The initial priority (class) of a mail message is defined by the optional
presence of a
Precedence:
header line inside the message
with a symbol corresponding to a value defined by
P
configuration command.
For example, if your
sendmail.cf
file contained this line:
Pspecial-delivery=100
and your mail message header contained this line:
Precedence: special-delivery
then your mail message would begin its life with a class of 100. We'll cover how this is done soon.
After the message's initial class value is set, that value
is never changed. As soon as the class is determined, the
initial cost is calculated. This cost
is the value that is used to determine if a message will be sent
despite a high machine load (defined by the
RefuseLA
(
X
) option, see
Section 34.8.54, RefuseLA (X)
,
and the
QueueLA
(
x
) option, see
Section 34.8.50, QueueLA (x)
)
and to determine its order in queue processing.
The formula for the initial calculation is the following:
cost = nbytes - (class * z) + (recipients * y)
Where
nbytes
is the total size in bytes of the message,
recipients
is either the number of recipients in the envelope
or (with
-t
) the number of recipients specified
in the
To:
,
Cc:
, and
Bcc:
header lines
(after alias expansion),
and
z
and
y
are the values of the
ClassFactor
(
z
) option (see
Section 34.8.8, ClassFactor (z)
)
and the
RecipientFactor
(
y
) option (see
Section 34.8.53, RecipientFactor (y)
).
The
Precedence:
header should rarely be declared in the configuration
file. Instead, it is added to messages by MUAs and by mailing-list
software. If it is declared in the configuration file, it should
be prefixed with an appropriate
?
flag
?
(see
Section 35.4
)
so that it is inserted only for an appropriate delivery agent.
35.8.1 The P Configuration Command
The
P
configuration command must begin a line. This command
is composed of four parts:
Pstring=value
The
string
is text, such as
special-delivery
. Everything
between the
P
and the
=
(
including
any whitespace) is taken as is for
string
.
The
value
is evaluated as a signed integer and may be
decimal, octal (with a leading 0), or hexadecimal (with a leading 0x).
Although you may define any
string
you choose, only five
have any universal meaning. Those five usually appear in
sendmail.cf
files like this:
Pspecial-delivery=100 Pfirst-class=0 Plist=-30 Pjunk=-60 Pbulk=-200
You may, of course, define your own precedence strings for internal mail, but they will be ignored (evaluate to 0) by all outside sendmail programs.
The classes
junk
and
bulk
are also recognized by
many other programs. Newer versions of the
vacation
(1) program, for example, silently skip replying
to messages that have a
Precedence:
header line of
junk
or
bulk
.
As a general rule,
special-delivery
is rarely used. Most
mail has a class of
first-class
. Mailing lists
should always have a class of
list
or
bulk
.
Because your local sendmail.cf file is where values are given to these class names, you are free to modify those values locally. The values affect only the delivery at your site.
Old versions of sendmail didn't return errors on messages with a negative precedence. V8 sendmail does but omits the message body.
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| 35.7 Forwarding with Resent-Headers |
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35.9 Pitfalls |