Installing a single package file

The preferred method of installing programs is via the package managers described in this chapter. However, although the Ubuntu package archives are very large, it is possible that you may wish to install a package that is not available in the Ubuntu archives. If this happens, you can also download and install files from websites.

It is important to ensure that any files you download come from a safe source before installing them.

There are many different kinds of Linux package files. Most of these are associated with the package managers of specific Linux distributions. Examples are Debian Package files (.deb files), RPM Package Manager files (.rpm files), Tarballs (.tar files) and .run files.

This section deals with installing these single files.


	It is not guaranteed that these files will be compatible with your system and you will not receive security updates if you install these files. For these reasons, if you wish to install a program, always use a native Ubuntu package of the application available through a package manager, if there is one available.

Install/uninstall `.deb` files

These files are Debian packages. The package files associated with Ubuntu have the .deb suffix because of Ubuntu's close relations with the Debian GNU/Linux distribution. You will need administrative privileges to install a .deb file. See Administrative Tasks for more details.

To install a .deb file, double-click on it. If you prefer using the Terminal, enter:

sudo dpkg -i package_file.deb

To uninstall a .deb file, deselect it in your package manager. Or from a Terminal, enter:

sudo dpkg -r package_name

Convert `.rpm` files to `.deb` files

Another type of package files is Red Hat Package Manager files which have the .rpm suffix. It is not recommended to install these on an Ubuntu system. In almost all cases, a native Ubuntu .deb package is available. However, if absolutely necessary, an .rpm file can be converted to a .deb package using the program alien. The resulting .deb file will be installed using dpkg as indicated above.

Install the alien package.
In a Terminal, enter:
sudo alien package_file.rpm

Install tarballs

Files with the .tar, .tgz, .tar.gz or .tar.bz2 suffix are package files known as tarballs which are widely used in Linux and Unix.

If there is no native Ubuntu package available in any of the Ubuntu repositories, you can use the command line to install or uninstall the tarball file.

The first step will be to uncompress and extract the tarball. If it is a .tgz or a .tar.gz, in a Terminal enter:

tar xfvz tarball_name

Then it will be necessary to follow the instructions that come with the package. These are generally located in the extracted tarball in a file called README or INSTALL.

Tarballs often contain the source code of the program, and need to be compiled in order to be used.


	Compiling programs requires some packages that are not installed by default. You can install these all at once by installing the build-essential package.

Install `.run` packages

Sometimes you may need to install software (most often a game) which has been packaged as a .run file. These files contain the software and a small program to install the software.

Follow the procedure below to install software packaged in a .run file:

Find the .run file in the File Browser
Right-click the file and select Properties
Under the Permissions tab, make sure that Allow executing file as program is checked and press Close
Double-click the .run file to open it. A dialog box should appear
Press Run in Terminal to run the installer
A Terminal window will open. Follow any instructions on-screen to install the program


	Once you have started the installer, it may take a while to display an installation screen. This is normally due to the installer extracting all of the files from the .run file ready for use.


Advanced package management