Classes and Objects (PHP 5)
PHP Manual

Object Iteration

PHP 5 provides a way for objects to be defined so it is possible to iterate through a list of items, with, for example a foreach statement. By default, all visible properties will be used for the iteration.

Example#1 Simple Object Iteration

<?php
class MyClass
{
    public 
$var1 'value 1';
    public 
$var2 'value 2';
    public 
$var3 'value 3';

    protected 
$protected 'protected var';
    private   
$private   'private var';

    function 
iterateVisible() {
       echo 
"MyClass::iterateVisible:\n";
       foreach(
$this as $key => $value) {
           print 
"$key => $value\n";
       }
    }
}

$class = new MyClass();

foreach(
$class as $key => $value) {
    print 
"$key => $value\n";
}
echo 
"\n";


$class->iterateVisible();

?>

The above example will output:

var1 => value 1 var2 => value 2 var3 => value 3 MyClass::iterateVisible: var1 => value 1 var2 => value 2 var3 => value 3 protected => protected var private => private var

As the output shows, the foreach iterated through all visible variables that can be accessed. To take it a step further you can implement one of PHP 5's internal interface named Iterator. This allows the object to decide what and how the object will be iterated.

Example#2 Object Iteration implementing Iterator

<?php
class MyIterator implements Iterator
{
    private 
$var = array();

    public function 
__construct($array)
    {
        if (
is_array($array)) {
            
$this->var $array;
        }
    }

    public function 
rewind() {
        echo 
"rewinding\n";
        
reset($this->var);
    }

    public function 
current() {
        
$var current($this->var);
        echo 
"current: $var\n";
        return 
$var;
    }

    public function 
key() {
        
$var key($this->var);
        echo 
"key: $var\n";
        return 
$var;
    }

    public function 
next() {
        
$var next($this->var);
        echo 
"next: $var\n";
        return 
$var;
    }

    public function 
valid() {
        
$var $this->current() !== false;
        echo 
"valid: {$var}\n";
        return 
$var;
    }
}

$values = array(1,2,3);
$it = new MyIterator($values);

foreach (
$it as $a => $b) {
    print 
"$a: $b\n";
}
?>

The above example will output:

rewinding current: 1 valid: 1 current: 1 key: 0 0: 1 next: 2 current: 2 valid: 1 current: 2 key: 1 1: 2 next: 3 current: 3 valid: 1 current: 3 key: 2 2: 3 next: current: valid:

You can also define your class so that it doesn't have to define all the Iterator functions by simply implementing the PHP 5 IteratorAggregate interface.

Example#3 Object Iteration implementing IteratorAggregate

<?php
class MyCollection implements IteratorAggregate
{
    private 
$items = array();
    private 
$count 0;

    
// Required definition of interface IteratorAggregate
    
public function getIterator() {
        return new 
MyIterator($this->items);
    }

    public function 
add($value) {
        
$this->items[$this->count++] = $value;
    }
}

$coll = new MyCollection();
$coll->add('value 1');
$coll->add('value 2');
$coll->add('value 3');

foreach (
$coll as $key => $val) {
    echo 
"key/value: [$key -> $val]\n\n";
}
?>

The above example will output:

rewinding current: value 1 valid: 1 current: value 1 key: 0 key/value: [0 -> value 1] next: value 2 current: value 2 valid: 1 current: value 2 key: 1 key/value: [1 -> value 2] next: value 3 current: value 3 valid: 1 current: value 3 key: 2 key/value: [2 -> value 3] next: current: valid:

Note: For more examples of iterators, see the SPL Extension.


Classes and Objects (PHP 5)
PHP Manual