Looking Backwards at Traditional Campus Networks
5
one large broadcast domain and the broadcast problems still existed. How-
ever, bridges did break up the collision domain, and that was an improve-
ment. Bridges also solved distance-limitation problems because they usually
had repeater functions built into the electronics and/or they could break up
the physical segment.
Bandwidth
The
bandwidth
of a segment is measured by the amount of data that can be
transmitted at any given time. Think of bandwidth as a water hose; the
amount of water that can go through the hose depends on different elements:
Pressure
Distance
The pressure is the current and the bandwidth is the size of the hose. If you
have a hose that is only 1/4 inch in diameter, you won't get much water
through it regardless of the current or the size of the pump on the transmit-
ting end.
Another issue is distance. The longer the hose, the more the water pres-
sure drops. You can put a repeater in the middle of the hose and reamplify
the pressure of the line, which would help, but you need to understand that
all lines (and hoses) have degradation of the signal, which means that the
pressure drops off the farther the signal goes down the line. For the remote
end to understand digital signaling, the pressure must stay at a minimum
value. If it drops below this minimum value, the remote end will not be able
to receive the data. In other words, the far end of the hose would just drip
water instead of flow. You can't water your crops with drips of water; you
need a constant water flow.
The solution to bandwidth issues is maintaining your distance limitations
and designing your network with proper segmentation of switches and rout-
ers. Congestion on a segment happens when too many devices are trying to
use the same bandwidth. By properly segmenting the network, you can elim-
inate some of the bandwidth issues. You never will have enough bandwidth
for your users; you'll just have to accept that fact. However, you can always
make it better.
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