greater than 127, you need to remember that it is possible that the
value in the high order bit will be discarded. In this case, it was dis-
carded, which leaves a binary value of 1100000 that needs to be con-
verted to hex. In turn, that leaves 60 as the value for the fourth octet
of the MAC address.
greater than 127, you need to remember that it is possible that the
value in the high order bit will be discarded. In this case, it was, which
leaves a binary value of 1010111 that needs to be converted to hex. In
turn, that leaves 57 as the value for the fourth octet of the MAC
address.
valid protocol. The other protocols are for routing purposes and
group management within a network.
tinguish between membership report packets and normal IGMP pack-
ets containing data. The router must run CGMP in order to translate
the IGMP requests received from the hosts into something the switch
can process.
but the host can speak only IGMP, and it sends its requests directly to
the router. The router must then communicate with the switch to acti-
vate the port.
of the machine), and the GDA is the Group Destination Address (the
newly mapped layer 2 multicast MAC address). By using these two val-
ues, the switch knows which port to make a CAM entry for.
shared root trees can create RPTs (or RP trees) that are parallel to the
shortest path tree, but this is a flavor of shared root tree distribution.