and unnecessary bandwidth and processor utilization.
activity for these groups on interface E0.
first host to respond on this segment is HostE (#2b), and it is reporting mem-
bership to 224.2.168.242. Notice that this report was not suppressed, even
though HostD had already multicast a report to this group. The router que-
ries the local All hosts address 224.0.0.1, which is not forwarded by the
router. That is why the same query is sent out all interfaces on the router.
Now that HostE has multicast to the group for that segment, none of the
other hosts on the E1 segment will report due to the fact that they are all
members of the 224.2.168.242 group.
processes are quite simple and straightforward. You understand how inter-
faces are maintained in an active state through Membership Queries. The
query process only runs every 60 seconds. If a host wants to join a multicast
group outside the Membership Query interval, it may simply send an unso-
licited report to the multicast router stating that it wants to receive data for
the specified multicast group. Figure 9.9 depicts how this occurs. This is
known as the IGMP Join process.