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Chapter 4
OSPF Areas
10.
C. Although there are continuous route exchanges, the Exchange state
occurs at the time adjacencies are established.
11.
B. When a neighbor reaches Full status, it has synchronized its data-
base with all of the adjacent routers.
12.
A, C. No DR is assigned on any type of point-to-point link. No DR/
BDR is assigned on the NBMA point-to-multipoint due to the hub/
spoke topology.
13.
B, C. DROther routers form adjacencies only with the DR and BDR.
An RP is a rendezvous point for multicast routing.
14.
B. 224.0.0.6 is used for AllDRs.
15.
B. Found via Hello packets, a neighbor is an adjacent OSPF router.
Note that no routing information is exchanged with neighbors unless
adjacencies are formed.
16.
D. The 1255 range often describes the load or reliability metric for
distance-vector algorithms.
17.
A. The correct equation gives values for Cisco-derived metrics,
although this can be modified.
18.
A. Within OSPF, link is synonymous with interface.
19.
B. Every OSPF network must contain a backbone area, which is num-
bered as Area 0.
20.
A, C, and D. While OSPF has more configuration complexity than
RIP, OSPF does offer far speedier convergence, the support of Vari-
able Length Subnet Masks, and greater scalability (overcoming RIP's
15 hop-count limitation).
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