fore not vulnerable to routing loops. However, this is
achieved at the cost of somewhat greater difficulty in
computation and more widespread traffic (compared
with distance-vector routing algorithms). See also: dis-
tance-vector routing algorithm.
manages node-to-node delivery of data. This protocol
provides node addressing and management of bus
access, and it also controls data sending and receiving
to assure packet length and integrity.
responsible for error detection (but not correction),
flow control, framing, and software-sublayer address-
ing. The predominant LLC protocol, IEEE 802.2,
defines both connectionless and connection-oriented
operations. See also: Data-Link layer and MAC.
features it provides are a keepalive mechanism, a mul-
ticast mechanism, global addressing, and a status
mechanism.
that supports communication between the server com-
ponents within one ELAN.
host linked to the local ring. If no local host can be
found, the end system will produce one of two solu-
tions: a spanning explorer packet or an all-routes
explorer packet.
LocalTalk is Apple Computer's proprietary baseband
protocol, operating at the Data-Link and Physical lay-
ers of the OSI reference model.
ent loopback tests can be performed to troubleshoot
the circuit: local loopback on the local CSU/DSU, local
loopback on the remote CSU/DSU, remote loopback
remote loopback from the remote NIU to the local
CSU/DSU.
usually multicast packets, containing information
about neighbors and path costs, that are employed by
link-state protocols. Receiving routers use LSAs to
maintain their link-state databases and, ultimately,
routing tables.
handle the termination of the local loop and switching
functions.
Client (LEC) and the LAN Emulation Server, LUNI is
the ATM Forum's standard for LAN Emulation on
ATM networks. See also: LES and LECS.
addressing, media access, and error detection of
frames. See also: Data-Link layer and LLC.
a LAN segment. These addresses are used by various
devices in the network for accurate location of logical
addresses. MAC addresses are defined by the IEEE
standard and their length is six characters, typically
using the burned-in address (BIA) of the local LAN
interface. Variously called hardware address, physical
address, burned-in address, or MAC-layer address.
col (DDP) packets. MacIP also supplies substitute
ARP services.
typically larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN.
See also: LAN.
clocking, and a 1 (one) is denoted by a high voltage
level during the first half of the bit time. This scheme
is used by Ethernet and IEEE 802.3.