for finding the best route for traffic from a source to its
destination.
a number not divisible by eight. Alignment errors are
generally the result of frame damage caused by colli-
sions.
possible paths to a given destination. Also known as
an all-rings explorer packet.
of the carrier signal.
each bit cell, and ones as "11" or "00," alternately,
during each bit cell. The sending device must maintain
ones density in AMI but not independently of the data
stream. Also known as binary-coded, alternate mark
inversion.
signal amplitude, frequency, and phase.
unteer members that coordinates standards-related
activities, approves U.S. national standards, and
develops U.S. positions in international standards
organizations. ANSI assists in the creation of interna-
tional and U.S. standards in disciplines such as com-
munications, networking, and a variety of technical
fields. It publishes over 13,000 standards, for engi-
neered products and technologies ranging from screw
threads to networking protocols. ANSI is a member of
the IEC and ISO.
routed to a node that provides a particular service.
puter for use in Macintosh environments. The earlier
Phase 1 protocols support one physical network with
only one network number that resides in one zone.
The later Phase 2 protocols support more than one
logical network on a single physical network, allowing
networks to exist in more than one zone.
col).
dures (such as electronic mail or file transfer) that are
outside the OSI model. This layer chooses and deter-
mines the availability of communicating partners
along with the resources necessary to make the con-
nection, coordinates partnering applications, and
forms a consensus on procedures for controlling data
integrity and error recovery.
and data from a remote AppleTalk location.
their attached devices. Areas are commonly connected
to others using routers to create a single autonomous
system.
at least one additional station, in which transmission
can be initiated from either the primary or one of the
secondary units.
addresses.
mous system and a non-OSPF network that operates
both OSPF and an additional routing protocol, such as
RIP. ASBRs must be located in a non-stub OSPF area.