background image
168
Chapter 4
Cisco's Diagnostic Commands
Optimum Switching
Optimum switching
follows the same procedure as the other switching algo-
rithms. When a new packet enters the interface, it is compared to the optimum
switching cache, rewritten, and sent to the chosen exit interface. Other packets
associated with the same session then follow the same path. All processing is
carried out on the interface processor, including the CRC. Optimum switching is
faster than both fast switching and Netflow switching, unless you have imple-
mented several access-lists.
Optimum switching replaces fast switching on the high-end routers. As
with fast switching, optimum switching also needs to be turned off to view
packets while troubleshooting a network problem.
Distributed Switching
Distributed switching
happens on the VIP (Versatile Interface Processor)
cards (which have a switching processor onboard), so it's very efficient. All
required processing is done right on the VIP processor, which maintains a
copy of the router's routing cache. With this arrangement, even the first
packet doesn't need to be sent to the route processor to initialize the
switching path, as it does with the other switching algorithms. Router effi-
ciency increases as more VIP cards are added.
Netflow Switching
Netflow switching
is really more of an administrative tool than a performance-
enhancement tool. It collects detailed data for use with circuit accounting and
application-utilization information. Because of all the additional data that
Netflow collects (and may export), expect an increase in router overhead--
possibly as much as a five-percent increase in CPU utilization.
Netflow switching can be configured on most interface types and can be
used in a switched environment. ATM, LAN, and VLAN technologies all
support Netflow switching, and the Cisco 3600, 7200 and 7500 series rout-
ers provide its implementation.
As we discussed, Netflow switching does much more than just switch-
ing--it also gathers statistical data, including protocol, port, and user infor-
mation. All of this is stored in the Netflow switching cache, according to the
individual flow that's defined by the packet information (destination
address, source address, protocol, source and destination port, and the
incoming interface). The data can be sent to a network management station
to be stored and processed there.
Copyright ©2000 SYBEX , Inc., Alameda, CA
www.sybex.com