background image
Defining LAN Interconnection Methods 85
to the right network. A bridge works at the data-link level of a network, copying data from one
network to the next along the communications path.
Several types of bridges exist:
·
Transparent bridging--Found primarily in Ethernet environments. In transparent
bridging, the device learns MAC addresses by remembering source MAC addresses in
frames. Any incoming packet containing a destination address that is not found in the
MAC table is forwarded.
·
Source-route bridging--Found primarily in Token Ring environments. In source-route
bridging, all forwarding decisions are based on the route information field.
·
Translational bridging--Provides translation between Ethernet and Token Ring.
Because Ethernet devices generally do not support source routing, and Token Ring
devices generally do not support transparent bridging, translational bridging provides the
connectivity link for Token Ring and Ethernet networks.
·
Source-route transparent bridging--Combines transparent bridging and source-route
bridging to enable communication in mixed Ethernet/Token Ring environments.
·
Source-route translational bridging--Combines transparent bridging and source-route
bridging and bridging between both networks.
Routing
Routers function at the third layer of the OSI model. Routers are used to extend a network
across multiple links. Like a bridge, a router makes forwarding decisions based on information
stored in its table. However, a router does not have the anonymity of a bridge. It is known to the
workstations using its services, and a protocol must be loaded to connect it to those
workstations.
Routing offers several advantages over bridging and switching:
·
Manageability--The network manager can choose from among several protocols, giving
the manager more control over path selection.
·
Functionality--Routers have the means to provide flow control, error and congestion
control, and fragmentation and reassembly services. They also can control the life of
a packet.
·
Multiple active paths--Routers can forward traffic through more than one path.
87200333.book Page 85 Wednesday, August 22, 2001 2:18 PM