transfer. For example, the initial configuration of a Cisco Catalyst switch
requires an out-of-band connection via a console port.
encapsulated in headers and/or trailers that contain information about where
the packet came from, where it's going, and so on. The various protocols
involved in sending a transmission add their own layers of header information,
which the corresponding protocols in receiving devices then interpret.
most efficient transmission path for packets.
packets--enables data from multiple devices on a network to share the same
communication channel simultaneously but also requires the use of precise
routing information.
(remote) device must send an authentication request, containing a password
and ID, to the local router when attempting to connect. Unlike the more
secure CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol), PAP sends
the password unencrypted and does not attempt to verify whether the user
is authorized to access the requested resource; it merely identifies the remote
end. See also: CHAP.
sum of the bits will be either an odd number (in odd parity) or an even
number (even parity).
linking it to every other network node), but others are attached to only one
or two nodes in the network. A typical use of partial-mesh topology is in
peripheral networks linked to a fully meshed backbone. See also: full mesh.