hosts in a broadcast domain, broadcast storms, multicasting, and low
bandwidth are all possible causes of LAN traffic congestion.
domain. A collision domain is an Ethernet term used to describe a net-
work scenario in which one particular device sends a packet on a network
segment, forcing every other device on that same segment to pay attention
to it. A broadcast domain is where a set of all devices on a network seg-
ment hear all broadcasts sent on that segment.
router. Hubs create one collision domain and one broadcast domain.
Bridges break up collision domains but create one large broadcast domain.
They use hardware addresses to filter the network. Switches are really just
multiple port bridges with more intelligence. They break up collision
domains but create one large broadcast domain by default. Switches use
hardware addresses to filter the network. Routers break up broadcast
domains and use logical addressing to filter the network.
MPEG, QuickTime, and RTF are examples of Presentation layer protocols.
network services. Connection-oriented uses acknowledgments and
flow control to create a reliable session. More overhead is used than in
a connectionless network service. Connectionless services are used to
send data with no acknowledgments or flow control. This is considered
unreliable.
OSI model and what function each layer provides. The Application, Pre-
sentation, and Session layers are upper layers and are responsible for com-
municating from a user interface to an application. The Transport layer
provides segmentation, sequencing, and virtual circuits. The Network
layer provides logical network addressing and routing through an inter-
network. The Data Link layer provides framing and placing of data on
the network medium. The Physical layer is responsible for taking ones