of people waiting to enter a movie theater. In routing,
it refers to a backlog of information packets waiting in
line to be transmitted over a router interface.
device. The S/T device converts the 4-wire network to
the two-wire ISDN standard network.
packet buffers and routing tables, along with the hard-
ware addresses cache.
addresses to IP addresses. See also: ARP.
ual virtual circuit will transmit data to the remote
end. Every rate queue identifies a segment of the total
bandwidth available on an ATM link. The sum of all
rate queues should not exceed the total available
bandwidth.
server on a network, using TCP to guarantee reliable
data delivery.
tocol into another type of routing protocol. For
example, networks found by RIP can be inserted into
an IGRP network.
backup in the event that the primary connections,
devices, or services fail.
network interface cards, switches, and hubs.
of the frame or token. If the Route Information Indi-
cator (RII) bit is not set, the RIF is read from source to
destination (left to right). If the RII bit is set, the RIF is
read from the destination back to the source, so the
RIF is read right to left. It is defined as part of the
Token Ring frame header for source-routed frames,
which contains path information.
for Token Ring, FDDI, and CDDI, information is
transferred from station to station in sequence.
connecting unidirectional transmission links. Individ-
ual stations on the network are connected to the net-
work at a repeater. Physically, ring topologies are
generally organized in a closed-loop star. Compare
with: bus topology and star topology.
RIP employs hop count as a routing metric. See also:
Enhanced IGRP, IGP, OSPF, and hop count.
information from devices. Much of the RMON tech-
nology implementation is based on the deployment of
RMON probes that gather the information from the
circuit (physical media) because the router or switch
may not support all levels of RMON information.
load the bootstrap, which runs a power-on self test,
and then find and load the IOS in flash memory by
default.
is elected by having the lowest bridge ID. The bridge
ID is determined by the priority (32,768 by default on
all bridges and switches) and the main hardware
address of the device. The root bridge determines
which of the neighboring Layer-2 devices' interfaces
become the designated and nondesignated ports.