Managing Disks - Quick Reference Examples

Shut down and power off the system.

See “Shutting Down Systems”.

Connect the disk to the system and the power supply.

Power up the disk.

Boot the system.

See “Booting Systems”.

Access the HP SMH Homepage:

Select Tools, Disks and File Systems, Disks. The new disk to be added should be present in the list of devices and display “unused” in the Use column. The disk can be added to an existing volume group or added to a new volume group.

To add an unused disk to a new volume group, click on the Volume Groups tab. This will display existing volume groups. Click on the Create VG... action on the right side of the page. Enter a name for the new volume group. Click on Select Unused Disk(s)... This will display a list of unused disks available for assignment. Select the desired disks. Click on Select. Configure any desired options. Click on Create.

To add the disk to an existing volume group, the disk must be labeled as “unused”. Click on the Volume Groups tab. This will display the existing volume groups. Select the target volume group from the displayed list. Click on the Extend VG... action on the right side of the page. Click on Select Unused Disk(s), select the desired disk and click on Select. Configure the desired options and click on Extend.

You can use HP SMH to configure the disk as LVM disks, with or without disk mirroring if you so decide (see HP-UX System Administrator’s Guide: Logical Volume Management).

If the driver for this disk is not already configured into the kernel, you can use HP SMH to configure it. In this case, a reboot might be required before you can use the disk.

To export the volume group to other systems in the workgroup, click on the Volume Groups tab and select Export VG... from the list of actions on the right side of the page. Select the desired option and click onExport.

See HP-UX System Administrator’s Guide: Logical Volume Management) for more information.

Decide how much disk space the logical volume will need.

For example, you might want to add 200MB of swap, or you might be adding a new project that you expect to grow to 500MB.

Access the HP SMH Homepage:

Find a volume group that has as much free space as you need.

Select Tools, Disks and File Systems, File Systems. Click on the Volume Groups tab. This will display a list of volume groups and the free space for each.

You might see, for example, that volume group vg01 has 600MB of free (unallocated) space.

Identify a volume group with sufficient free space for your new Logical Volume.

Click on the Logical Volumes tab. Select Create LV... from the list of actions on the right side of the page.

Select the volume group you’ve identified to provide the space for the Logical Volume. Enter a name, size and other configuration information for the new Logical Volume. Click on Create.

For example, you might create a logical volume namedlvol7, occupying 500MB.

Access the HP SMH Homepage.

Select Tools, Disks and File Systems, Logical Volumes. Click on the desired Add File System actions on the right side of the page, Add HFS... for example.

Enter a Mount Point and click Select Unused LV... A list of available Logical Volumes will be displayed.

Select the desired Logical Volume. Click Select. You will be returned to the Add File System page.

Select the desired File System attributes and Mount Options. Click Add file system.

Decide how many mirror copies you want.

For the purposes of this example, we’ll assume you want one mirror; that is, you’ll be keeping two copies of the data online, the original and a mirror copy.

Decide how much disk space the logical volume will need.

For example, you might be adding a new project that you expect to grow to 500MB. In this case you need a volume with at least 1000MB of free space, 500MB for the original and 500MB for the mirror copy.

Access the HP SMH Homepage.

Select Tools, Disks and File Systems, Volume Group. Select a volume group that has as much free space as you need.

If you will be using strict mirroring (which HP recommends) the volume group needs to contain a logical volume that has at least 500MB on each of two disks; strict mirroring ensures that the mirror copy is on a separate disk from the original data.

Look in the Free column; the numbers listed here represent the disk space in each volume group that is not currently allocated to any logical volume.

You might see, for example, that volume group vg01 has 1800 MB of unallocated space out of a total of about 2500 MB, and you might also see in the Detailed view at the bottom of the page thatvg01 is spread across two disks. In this case it’s likely that each disk has 500 MB free.

Click on the Logical Volumes tab at the top of the page. Select the Logical Volume to be mirrored and click on the Add Mirror(s)... action on the right side of the page. The Add Mirror(s) page is displayed.

Enter the number of mirrored data images desired (in this example one), and desired options. You can place the mirrored Logical Volume on a different physical drive by clicking on Select PV(s)... This will display available drives. Click Add.

If there is only one physical volume available you may need to change the Allocation Policy setting for the Logical Volume to Non-Strict. The setting can be changed by selecting the Logical Volume to be mirrored from the list on the Logical Volumes page and clicking on the Modify LV...action on the right side of the page.

HP SMH will create a logical volume that occupies 500 megabytes on each Logical Volume (the original data and a mirror copy). The Mirrors column of the Logical Volumes page should now show “1” for the selected Logical Volume.

Decide how much more disk space the logical volume will need.

For example, you might want to add 200 MB of swap, or an existing project might need an additional 1000 MB.

Make sure no one has files open in any file system mounted to this logical volume and that it is no one’s current working directory, for example:

fuser -cu /work/project5

	NOTE: If the file system is shared with other systems (exported), use the fuser command to check on the systems it is shared with to verify that no one is using it. Then unmount it on those systems before unmounting it on the server.

Unmount the file system; for example:

umount /work/project5

Access the HP SMH Homepage.

Select Tools, Disks and File Systems, Logical Volumes. The Logical Volumes page will be displayed.

Select the logical volume you want to extend and click on the Extend LV... action on the right side of the page. The Extend LV page will be displayed.

Check to make sure that the Available Space in VG is sufficient for the desired increase. Enter the new total space in the New Size field. Click on Extend. When the process is completed click on Back to return to the Logical Volumes page. Note that the size of the selected Logical Volume has been increased.

Remount the file system; for example:

mount /dev/vg01/lvol5 /work/project5

If /work/project5 will continue to be used by NFS clients, share it again on the server:

(shareall -F nfs /work/project5)

and remount it on the clients:

mount -F nfs serversys: /work/project5 /work/localproject5

Log in as root

Find out if any space is available:

/sbin/vgdisplay

You’ll see output something like this:

The Free PEentry indicates the number of 4 MB extents available, in this case, 79 (316 MB)

Change to single-user state:

/sbin/shutdown

This will allow /usr to be unmounted (see below).

Check to see where /usr is mounted (/dev/vg00/lvol7 by default):

/sbin/mount

You’ll see output such as:

Extend the logical volume:

/sbin/lvextend -L new_size /dev/vg00/lvol7

For example,

/sbin/lvextend -L 332 /dev/vg00/lvol7

increases the size of this volume to 332 MB.

Unmount /usr:

/sbin/umount /usr

This is required for the next step, since extendfs can only work on unmounted volumes.

Extend the file system size to the logical volume size; for example:

/sbin/extendfs /dev/vg00/rlvol7

Remount /usr:

/sbin/mount /usr

Reboot the system:

/sbin/reboot -r

Access the HP SMH Homepage.

Select Tools, Disks and File Systems, Logical Volumes. The Logical Volumes page will be displayed.

Select the logical volume you want to remove and click on the Remove LV... action on the right side of the page. The Remove Logical Volume page will be displayed.

Click Remove.

Decide how many mirror copies you want. For the purposes of this example, we’ll assume you want one mirror and the size of the logical volume is 500MB. There will be two copies of the data, the original and a mirror copy.

Access the HP SMH Homepage.

Select Tools, Disks and File Systems, Volume Groups. A list of volume groups will be displayed.

Select the volume group containing the logical volume you wish to mirror. This will display a list of the logical volumes making up the volume group at the bottom of the page along with free space in the volume group.

Look in the Free column of the volume group that you selected. Make sure the volume group has enough free space for the mirror. In this example, an additional 500 MB.

If you want to use strict mirroring (which HP recommends because it keeps the “mirror” data on a separate disk from the original data) refer to the next example.

Click on the Logical Volumes tab at the top of the page. This will display the logical volumes.

Select the logical volume you want to mirror. This will display the logical volume actions.

Click on the Add Mirror(s)... action on the right side of the page. The Add Mirror(s) page is displayed.

Enter the number of mirrored data images desired (in this example one), and desired options. Since you are using non-strict mirroring you can let the HP SMH select the location for the mirror data. You can place the mirrored Logical Volume on a different physical drive by clicking on Select PV(s)... This will display available drives. Click Add.

If there is only one physical volume available you may need to change the Allocation Policy setting for the logical volume to Non-Strict. The setting can be changed by selecting the logical volume to be mirrored from the list on the Logical Volumes page and clicking on the Modify LV...action on the right side of the page.

HP SMH will create a logical volume that occupies 500 megabytes on each logical volume (the original data and a mirror copy). The Mirrors column of the Logical Volumes page should now show “1” for the selected logical volume.

Decide how many mirror copies you want. For the purposes of this example, we’ll assume you want one mirror and the size of the volume is 500MB. There will be two copies of the data, the original and a mirror copy.

Access the HP SMH Homepage.

Select Tools, Disks and File Systems, Logical Volumes. A list of logical volumes will be displayed.

Select the logical volume you want to mirror. This will display detailed information about the selected logical volume at the bottom of the page. Make sure the Properties tab of the Detailed View display is selected. Check to see that the Allocation State is set to the desired strict selection.

Enter the number of mirrored data images desired (in this example one), and desired options. Since you are using strict mirroring you can let the HP SMH select the location for the mirror data. You can place the mirrored Logical Volume on a different physical drive by clicking on Select PV(s)... This will display available drives. Click Add.

If you need to change the allocation setting, click on the Modify LV ... action on the right side of the page, and select the desired allocation policy.

If the allocation setting is correct, click on the Add Mirror(s) ... action on the right side of the page. This will display the Add Mirror(s) page.

Enter the number of mirrors desired (in this example, one) and select whether you want HP SMH to make the physical volume allocation or you want to manually select the physical volume. If you want to select the physical volume, click on the Select PV(s) button to view available devices and make a manual selection. After making a selection the Add Mirror(s) page is again displayed.

Click on the Add button. If all of the conditions specified (additional disks, free memory, etc.) can be met, the new mirror will be created. If not, the process will terminate with an error message.

Access the HP SMH Homepage.

Select Tools, Disks and File Systems, Logical Volumes. This will display a list of the logical volumes.

Select the logical volume for which you want to remove one or more mirror data images and click on the Remove Mirror(s)... action on the right side of the page. This will display the Remove Mirror(s) page.

Enter the new desired number of mirror images. If there is only one mirror image, enter “ 0”. If there are more than one mirror images and you are not deleting all of them you can either select the ones to remove or have HP SMH select the images to remove. Click Remove.

If the removal process is not successful, an error message will be displayed. If the procedure was successful click on Done to return to the Logical Volumes page. Check to see that the count in the Mirrors column has been updated for the logical volume.

Before replacing the disk, minimize any potential loss of data due to its removal; confirm that any mirrored logical volumes using the disk are mirrored onto a separate disk and that those mirror copies are current. You can find the list of logical volumes using the disk using pvdisplay:

pvdisplay -v /dev/dsk/cntndn

For each of those logical volumes, you can use lvdisplay to check which logical extents are mapped onto the disk, and if there’s a current copy of that data on another disk:

lvdisplay -v /dev/vol_group/lvoln | grep /dev/dsk/cntndn

Back up the volume group configuration:

vgcfgbackup /dev/vol_group

If any of the logical volumes on the disk have a timeout assigned that isn’t the default (zero), temporarily disable the timeout. For each logical volume:

lvchange -t 0 /dev/vol_group/lvoln

Temporarily disable all paths to the disk:

pvchange -a N /dev/dsk/cntndn

Once the command completes, proceed to the next step.

Physically disconnect the bad disk and connect the replacement.

If you are replacing a mirror of the boot disk, set up the boot area on the disk.

1. If this is an HP Integrity Server, partition the disk using the idisk command, as described in HP-UX System Administrator’s Guide: Logical Volume Management. You do not need to run insf or pvcreate, since you are replacing an existing physical volume.

2. Use the mkboot command to set up the boot area:

   mkboot /dev/rdsk/cntndn

   On HP Integrity Servers, use the -e and -l options to the mkboot command to copy EFI utilities to the EFI partition:

   mkboot -e -l /dev/rdsk/cntndn

3. Update the root volume group information:

   lvlnboot -R /dev/vg00

Restore LVM configuration information to the added disk:

vgcfgrestore -n /dev/vol_group /dev/rdsk/cntndn

Reattach each link to the physical volume using pvchange:

pvchange -a y /dev/dsk/cntndn

or reattach all the detached links in the volume group using vgchange:

vgchange -a y /dev/vol_group

Once any links to the physical volume are reattached, LVM will synchronize the data on the disk with other mirror copies of the data. There is no need to manually synchronize the mirrors using vgsync.

If any of the logical volumes on the disk had a non-default timeout assigned, restore the previous timeout:

lvchange -t value /dev/vol_group/lvoln

Do this step on the original server, that is, the system you plan to move the directory from, wsb2600 in this example.

Make sure that /work/project6 exists and is empty on all the systems. That is, use:

mkdir /work/project6

Find out how much space /projects takes up on wsb2600:

du reports the size of a directory in 512-byte blocks; dividing by 2048 gives the size in megabytes.

Do this step on the new server, that is, the system you plan to move the directory to, fp_server in this example.

Find a volume group on fp_server with at least as much space as /projects currently occupies on wsb2600.

The HP SMH Volume Groups menu shows the free space for each volume group in megabytes; the pvdisplay command provides the same information in terms of physical extents; multiply Free PE by four to get free space in megabytes.

Do this step on the new server, that is, the system you plan to move the directory to, fp_server in this example.

After selecting a volume group with sufficient space, create a new logical volume in it.

You can do this on the command line - for example,

lvcreate -L 500 /dev/vg02

or you can use HP SMH.

Choose the Now and On Boot boxes for when to mount - choosing On Boot automatically creates an entry in /etc/fstab.

Do this step on each NFS client in the workgroup.

Edit /etc/fstab (or /etc/checklist) to remove the NFS import of /projects from wsb2600 and replace it with an NFS import from fp_server (you must be superuser on each system).

Find the line in /etc/fstab that looks something like this:

and change it to something like this:

fp_server:/work/project6 /work/project6 nfs rw,intr 0 0

Do this step on each NFS client in the workgroup.

Now all users must stop working in /projects and close all files under /projects.

Do this step on each NFS client in the workgroup.

When everyone is out of /projects, unmount /projects on each system; as superuser:

umount /projects

If the umount fails on any system, run fuser -cu to see if anyone on that system still has files open, or is working in a directory, under /projects:

You can also force an unmount using umount -f path. This will unmount file systems even if they are in use.

	NOTE: fuserwill not be aware of files opened in other directories within an editor.

Do this step on the original server, that is the system where the directory that is to be moved currently resides, in this example, wsb2600.

Back up /projects.

For example, to back up /projects to the system default tape device:

cd /projects

tar cv .

	NOTE: In this example, we are changing the file system’s name, as well as moving it, so tar cv /projects is not the right way to back it up; specify an absolute path name only if you want tar to recover the data to that path name.

Do this step on the new server, that is, the system you are moving the directory to,fp_server in this example.

Recover the files onto fp_server; for example,

cd /work/project6

tar xv

This copies the entire contents of the tape in the system default tape drive to /work/project6.

Do this step on the new server, that is, the system you are moving the directory to,fp_server in this example.

Export the directory; for example, by editing/etc/dfs/dfstab to include an entry for the file system. The entries are of the form:

share [-F fstype] {-o options] [-d “text”] pathname

For the file system in this example the entry would be:

and running the shareall command to force the system to reread /etc/dfs/dfstab:

shareall -F nfs

You can also use HP SMH to perform this task; see HP-UX System Administrator’s Guide: Configuration Management.

	NOTE: If this system is not already sharing file systems, you may need to configure it as an NFS server; check that /etc/rc.config.d/nfsconf has NFS_SERVER=1, or use HP SMH to verify that NFS SERVER is enabled; see HP-UX System Administrator’s Guide: Configuration Management.

Do this step on each NFS client in the workgroup.

Mount the imported file system: